车联网异构性能研究及NS-3仿真评估

发布时间：2018-01-29 01:30

本文关键词： 车联网异构 IEEE802.11p LTE NS-3　出处：《河南大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着智能交通系统的发展,车联网技术已引起了广泛的关注,通过多种无线通信技术,实现车与车、车与路边单元、车与基础设施之间的信息交互,进而保证道路安全、提高交通效率,并为乘客提供更加安全、舒适、高效的车载信息服务。本文首先从车联网的应用类型、无线通信技术和车辆节点多模通信接口三个方面对车联网存在的异构特性进行了详细的分析。对于涉及生命安全的消息,必须保证低延时和高可靠的数据传输;而对于不涉及生命安全的非紧急消息,可以有一定的延时容忍度,但是对带宽要求较高。目前,单一的无线通信技术无法同时满足这些应用需求。大唐和华为等机构正在制定中国的车联网专用通信标准LTE-V,它采用半分布式、半集中式方案,车与车通过分布式直通技术通信,车与路边基础设施通过广域/热点接入技术通信。接着,针对车联网应用对通信技术的这些差异化需求,结合现有的无线接入技术,本文提出了一种基于IEEE802.11p和LTE技术的车联网异构系统架构,该架构主要包括路边单元、基站、控制中心和车辆四个组件,车辆拥有IEEE802.11p和LTE两种通信接口,针对该架构,设计了一种异构网络数据分发方法,车辆根据自身所处地理位置,采用不同的通信方式传输消息。IEEE802.11p接口用于车与车之间、车与路边单元之间传输安全消息,LTE接口用于为车辆用户提供娱乐服务。该异构架构与我国正在制定的车联网标准LTE-V思想相吻合。进一步考虑交通流模型及网络协议IEEE802.11p和LTE的实现,本文在交通仿真工具Vanet MobiSim中编写XML脚本,配置道路拓扑及车辆移动模型,产生车辆运动轨迹文件;在网络仿真工具NS-3中编写C++仿真脚本,将这些移动轨迹作为节点移动模型,同时设置IEEE802.11p和LTE协议及相应的信道衰减模型,实现异构网络数据分发。最后,将交通仿真工具VanetMobi Sim和网络仿真工具NS-3联合仿真,搭建了城市道路场景和高速公路场景下的车联网异构架构,评估安全消息的延时、投递率以及吞吐量等性能,其结果表明本文提出的车联网异构系统架构在保证安全应用低延时的同时也能满足非安全应用的需求,这将有助于研究未来车联网更优化的架构。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of intelligent transportation system, vehicle networking technology has attracted extensive attention. Through a variety of wireless communication technology, the information exchange between vehicle and vehicle, vehicle and roadside unit, vehicle and infrastructure has been realized. To ensure road safety, improve traffic efficiency, and provide passengers with a more safe, comfortable, efficient information services on the vehicle. First, this paper from the car networking application type. Three aspects of wireless communication technology and vehicle node multi-mode communication interface are analyzed in detail to analyze the heterogeneity characteristics of vehicle networking. For the information related to life safety, low delay and high reliability data transmission must be guaranteed. For non-emergency messages that do not involve the safety of life, there can be a certain delay tolerance, but the bandwidth requirements are high. At present. A single wireless communication technology cannot meet these needs at the same time. Datang and Huawei are working on China's LTE-V, a special communication standard for car networking, which uses semi-distributed, semi-centralized solutions. Vehicle and vehicle communicate through distributed through technology, and vehicle and roadside infrastructure communicate through wide area / hot spot access technology. Then, these different requirements of communication technology are applied to vehicle networking applications. Combined with the existing wireless access technology, this paper proposes a vehicle networking heterogeneous system architecture based on IEEE802.11p and LTE technology, which mainly includes roadside unit, base station. There are four components in the control center and the vehicle. The vehicle has two communication interfaces: IEEE802.11p and LTE. A heterogeneous network data distribution method is designed for this architecture. According to the location of the vehicle, different communication methods are used to transmit the message. IEEE802.11p interface is used to transmit the security message between the vehicle and the vehicle, and between the vehicle and the roadside unit. The LTE interface is used to provide entertainment services for vehicle users. This heterogeneous architecture is in line with the concept of LTE-V, a standard for vehicle networking, which is being formulated in China. Further consideration is given to traffic flow models and network protocol IEEE802. Implementation of .11p and LTE. In this paper, a XML script is written in Vanet MobiSim to configure the road topology and the vehicle moving model to generate the moving track file of the vehicle. C simulation script is written in the network simulation tool NS-3, which takes these trajectories as node moving models, and sets the IEEE802.11p and LTE protocols and the corresponding channel attenuation model at the same time. Finally, the traffic simulation tool VanetMobi Sim and the network simulation tool NS-3 are combined to simulate the heterogeneous network data distribution. Build the vehicle network heterogeneous architecture under the urban road scene and freeway scenario, and evaluate the performance of security message delay, delivery rate and throughput. The results show that the proposed vehicle networking heterogeneous system architecture can meet the requirements of non-secure applications while ensuring low latency of security applications, which will be helpful to study a more optimized architecture of vehicle networking in the future.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U495;TP391.44;TN929.5

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