城市公共自行车运营中的多车场车辆调配优化研究

发布时间：2018-02-23 04:26

本文关键词： 公共自行车租赁点 Floyd算法自行车调配混合遗传算法　出处：《北京交通大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市交通机动化带来了越来越严重的环境和社会问题。建立公共自行车系统可以有效地解决城市交通“最后一公里”问题,而且公共自行车是一种绿色交通方式,对降低城市交通碳排放有重要作用,所以国内外都很重视公共自行车系统的应用和相关研究,对于自行车系统、租赁点布局以及车辆调配方面的问题也进行了相关研究。论文首先介绍了国内城市交通发展的突出问题,介绍了国外三代公共自行车系统的发展以及其在国内城市的发展现状,阐明了公共自行车运营调配研究的重要意义。其次,介绍了国内外在公共自行车系统及运营调配方面的理论研究现状,并对研究现状的特点和不足做了充分的总结,进而提出本文的研究内容,并制定论文的技术路线。然后进行了公共自行车系统分析以及阐述了调配问题的基本理论。最后在总结国内外研究的基础上,建立了系统中租赁点间最短路径的求解方法和多车场公共自行车调配模型,并设计算法对模型进行求解。论文的最后部分是通过实际算例,验证该方法的可行性,得到公共自行车调配方案,并做了相关的对比分析。论文工作主要体现在： (1)实地调研了北京市公共自行车租赁点及车场,得出相关租赁点高峰平峰时段租还车量,在研究租赁点调配需求影响因素时也调研了租赁点的步行覆盖距离等数据。 (2)剖析了自行车调配车辆在租赁站间的行驶特征,根据各路口简单邻接矩阵以及各租赁点在系统中的位置,依据这两方面的数据和Floyd算法得到系统中任意两点间的最短路径。 (3)根据自行车调配的实际情况,在几个方面改进了模型,一是模型适用性,本文建立的是多调配车场的公共自行车调配模型,该模型较易转换为单车场,在案例分析中针对单车场和多车场进行了对比分析；二是在模型的约束以及目标函数的设定上,如设置满意度函数时,在本文设置为单侧时间窗等,更加贴合实际。 (4)调研北京市亦庄公共自行车租赁点的数量以及各租赁点的库存情况,设置一定的参数,将模型应用到实际问题中,并得到调配方案,对单车场与多车场调配成本及满意度对比分析。
[Abstract]:The motorization of urban traffic has brought more and more serious environmental and social problems. The establishment of a public bicycle system can effectively solve the "last kilometer" problem of urban traffic, and public bicycle is a green mode of transportation. It plays an important role in reducing the carbon emission of urban traffic, so the application and related research of public bicycle system are attached great importance to at home and abroad, and the problems of bicycle system, rental point layout and vehicle allocation are also studied. The paper first introduces the outstanding problems of the development of domestic urban transportation, introduces the development of the third generation public bicycle system abroad and its development status in the domestic cities, and expounds the significance of the research on the operation and deployment of the public bicycle. This paper introduces the present situation of the theoretical research on the public bicycle system and its operation and deployment at home and abroad, and summarizes the characteristics and shortcomings of the research situation, and then puts forward the research contents of this paper. The technical route of the paper is drawn up. Then the system analysis of public bicycle and the basic theory of the allocation problem are described. Finally, on the basis of summarizing the research at home and abroad, The method of solving the shortest path between lease points and the model of public bicycle allocation in multi-yard are established, and the algorithm is designed to solve the model. Finally, the feasibility of the method is verified by a practical example. Get the public bicycle allocation scheme, and do the relevant comparative analysis. The work of the thesis is mainly reflected in:. 1) based on the field investigation of Beijing public bicycle rental site and car yard, the volume of rental and return at peak peak and peak period is obtained, and the data such as walking coverage distance of rental point are also investigated when the factors affecting the demand for allocation of rental point are studied. In this paper, the driving characteristics of bicycle allocation vehicles between rental stations are analyzed. According to the simple adjacent matrix of each intersection and the location of each lease point in the system, the shortest path between any two points in the system is obtained according to the data from these two aspects and the Floyd algorithm. According to the actual situation of bicycle deployment, the model is improved in several aspects. One is the applicability of the model. In the case analysis, the author makes a comparative analysis between the single car yard and the multi-car yard. Second, the model constraints and the setting of the objective function, such as setting the satisfaction function, are more suitable to the reality in this paper, such as setting the one-sided time window and so on. 4) investigating the number of public bicycle rental points and the stock situation of each rental point in Beijing, setting up certain parameters, applying the model to practical problems, and getting the allocation scheme. Compare and analyze the cost and satisfaction of bicycle yard and multi-car yard.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.225;U491.17

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