城市中心区交通拥堵收费有效性评价研究

发布时间：2018-02-25 16:42

本文关键词： 交通拥堵收费有效性可拓学评价　出处：《西南交通大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着城市化进程的不断加快,机动车数量剧增,交通拥堵问题成为世界各大城市的“城市通病”。在诸多的交通管理措施当中,交通拥堵收费被认为是一种有效的缓解城市交通拥堵问题的交通需求管理方法,它从经济学的角度,将交通拥堵的外部不经济性内部化,使城市交通空间和时间的结构合理化,同时能够促进城市公共交通的发展。新加坡、伦敦、斯德哥尔摩、纽约、多伦多等城市已经成功地实施了城市交通拥堵收费策略。我国的北京、上海、广州、成都等大城市也已经开始着手于交通拥堵收费实施的前期准备,并将在条件成熟的情况下开始实施。然而,城市中心区交通拥堵收费是一个十分复杂的系统,它包含诸多影响因素,它的实施应该是一个动态的过程,在实施各个阶段应及时地对其有效性进行评估,并根据评估结果及时采取改进和调整措施。如何科学、合理地对城市中心区交通拥堵收费策略的有效性进行评价对它能够成功地长期实施具有非常重要的意义。本文对国内外关于城市中心区交通拥堵收费策略有效性评价的研究现状进行了分析和总结,发现目前国内外的大部分学者只是从单一的角度对其有效性进行评价,或者只是通过一个相关的数据变化来给予说明,这样的有效性评价存在片面化、不系统等方面的不足,从而评价结果不尽合理,缺乏说服力。鉴于此,本文总结了伦敦、斯德哥尔摩、新加坡三大城市的交通拥堵收费实践经验,通过对三个城市关于拥堵收费方案的效果总结,构建了城市中心区交通拥堵收费策略实施有效性评价指标体系,该指标体系一共分为3个目标层,3个指标类别(公众参与、交通影响、社会性效益),16项评价指标。采用主客观相结合的方法确定各项指标的权重系数,运用可拓学中的优度评价理论,提出了基于可拓学的城市中心区交通拥堵收费策略有效性评价方法以及有效性等级判定标准,建立可拓物元模型。在实例分析中,分析斯德哥尔摩市交通拥堵收费实施前后的相关状况,判定其实施有效性,并对有效性评价结果做了简要分析,从而证明本文提出的城市中心区交通拥堵收费策略实施有效性评价方法的有效性、合理性、实用性。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization, the number of motor vehicles has increased dramatically. Traffic congestion has become a "common urban problem" in major cities of the world. Among the many traffic management measures, Traffic congestion charge is regarded as an effective traffic demand management method to alleviate urban traffic congestion problem. It internalizes the external diseconomy of traffic congestion and rationalizes the structure of urban traffic space and time from an economic point of view. Singapore, London, Stockholm, New York, Toronto and other cities have successfully implemented urban congestion pricing strategies. China's Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu and other big cities have also begun to prepare for the implementation of congestion charges, and will begin to implement the conditions. However, traffic congestion charge is a very complex system in the center of the city. It contains many factors, and its implementation should be a dynamic process, and its effectiveness should be evaluated in time in every stage of implementation. According to the evaluation results, it is very important to take timely improvement and adjustment measures. How to evaluate the effectiveness of traffic congestion pricing strategy scientifically and reasonably is of great significance for its successful long-term implementation. This paper analyzes and summarizes the current situation of the research on the effectiveness evaluation of traffic congestion pricing strategy in urban center district, and finds that most scholars at home and abroad only evaluate its effectiveness from a single point of view. Or only through a related data change to explain, such effectiveness evaluation has some shortcomings, such as one-sided, unsystematic, and so on, so the evaluation results are unreasonable and unconvincing. In view of this, this paper summarizes London, Based on the practical experience of traffic congestion charging in three major cities of Stockholm and Singapore, the effectiveness evaluation index system of traffic congestion charging strategy in urban center is constructed by summarizing the effect of congestion charging scheme in three cities. The index system is divided into three target levels, three index categories (public participation, traffic impact, social benefits) 16 evaluation indicators. The weight coefficient of each index is determined by the combination of subjective and objective methods, and the theory of excellence evaluation in extension theory is used. In this paper, a method of evaluating the effectiveness of traffic congestion toll collection strategy and the criterion of validity grade are proposed based on extenics, and the extension matter-element model is established. This paper analyzes the related situation before and after the implementation of traffic congestion charges in Stockholm, determines the effectiveness of the implementation, and makes a brief analysis of the evaluation results of the effectiveness. It proves the effectiveness, rationality and practicability of the evaluation method of traffic congestion charging strategy proposed in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F542;U491

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