电子不停车收费系统车载单元的研究与实现

发布时间：2018-02-26 17:26

本文关键词： 电子不停车收费系统车载单元专用短程通信电子标签　出处：《北京工业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：电子不停车收费系统（Electronic Toll Collection，简称ETC）采用收费处理电子化、自动化，可以有效解决交通拥堵、噪声尾气污染等问题，提高高速公路车辆通行能力和改善用户驾车环境。车载单元(On Board Unit，简称OBU)是ETC系统的重要组成部分,是一种实现移动身份识别和电子收费作用的电子标签。本论文参与了北京市嵌入式系统实验室基于RFID应用的研发项目，主要研究RFID应用的单芯片和系统解决方案实现。OBU系统是智能交通领域RFID支付应用的重要组成部分。研发符合我国电子不停车收费标准的高性价比电子标签，是推行不停车收费系统使用和降低整个系统成本的重要力量之一，因此研究符合我国标准的电子标签是非常有意义并具有客观的市场前景。本课题基于ETC系统中车载单元的研究，以ETC系统相关标准协议、技术要求和工程应用技术规范为理论基础，基于高性价比、小体积和低功耗的设计思想，提出了一款双片式车载电子标签的系统解决方案。系统硬件实现上，采用集成IC方案和电路模块化设计。系统主要功能模块的实现采用低成本、低功耗、小封装且高度集成的IC芯片，其中处理器选择TI公司的MSP430F5514单片机，高频部分采用具有低功耗、小封装特点的SKY1301读卡器芯片，5.8GHz射频部分采用业界集成度最高的ETC射频芯片ET6602。系统PCB电路板级实现采取模块化设计，避免模块之间的相互干扰，并进行系统信号完整性分析。另外，针对OBU系统长时间电池供电的需求，设计了一种低功耗方案，降低OBU电池失效的风险，提高系统供电的稳定性与持久性。系统软件实现上，根据OBU系统的工作特点，设计了一种基于中断服务程序的主程序软件系统。主程序采用硬件驱动层、协议驱动层和应用层三层层次化设计，并对应用接口进行模块设计，实现层与层之间应用接口的方便调用。针对OBU系统安全性应用要求，设计了软硬件双重防拆机制，并提供实现防拆卸和恢复的应用接口。系统实现后，在实验室采用ETC标准设备对系统功能、射频性能和整体软件应用进行测试，并对得到的测试结果进行验证分析，，测试结果表明，设计的OBU系统各项性能指标均达到国家标准要求，实现了电子标签的功能。与同类电子标签相比，设计方案具有低功耗、高性价比的特点，在硬件成本和功耗上具备一定的优势，因此本文提出的实现方案对电子标签的设计具有一定参考价值和借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Electronic Toll Collection, an electronic toll collection system, can effectively solve the problems of traffic congestion and noise exhaust pollution by means of electronic charge processing and automation. The vehicular unit on Board Unit (OBU) is an important part of the ETC system, and it is a kind of electronic tag to realize the function of mobile identification and electronic charge. This paper participated in the research and development project of Beijing embedded system Laboratory based on RFID application. This paper mainly studies the realization of single chip and system solution of RFID application. OBU system is an important part of RFID payment application in intelligent transportation field. Is one of the most important forces in the implementation of the non-stop charging system and in reducing the cost of the whole system. Therefore, it is very meaningful and has an objective market prospect to study electronic labels that conform to the standards of our country. Based on the research of on-board unit in ETC system, this paper uses the standard protocol of ETC system. Based on the theory of technical requirements and engineering application specifications, and based on the design ideas of high performance and price ratio, small volume and low power consumption, a system solution of dual-chip on-board electronic label is proposed. The main functional modules of the system are implemented with low cost, low power consumption, small package and highly integrated IC chip, in which TI's MSP430F5514 single chip microcomputer is chosen as the processor. In the high frequency part, the SKY1301 card reader chip with low power consumption and small package is used in the 5.8GHz RF part. The ETC RF chip ET6602, which is the most integrated in the industry, is adopted. The system adopts modularization design at the PCB circuit board level to avoid the mutual interference between the modules. In addition, a low power consumption scheme is designed to reduce the risk of OBU battery failure and improve the stability and durability of power supply for OBU system. In the realization of system software, according to the working characteristics of OBU system, a main program software system based on interrupt service program is designed. The main program adopts three layers: hardware driver layer, protocol driver layer and application layer. The application interface is designed to realize the convenient calling of the application interface between the layers. According to the security application requirement of OBU system, the dual anti-disassembly mechanism of software and hardware is designed, and the application interface to realize anti-disassembly and recovery is provided. After the implementation of the system, ETC standard equipment is used to test the system function, radio frequency performance and the application of the whole software in the laboratory, and the test results are verified and analyzed. The test results show that, All the performance indexes of the designed OBU system meet the requirements of the national standard and realize the function of the electronic tag. Compared with the similar electronic label, the design scheme has the characteristics of low power consumption and high performance-to-price ratio. It has some advantages in hardware cost and power consumption, so the implementation scheme proposed in this paper has certain reference value and significance for the design of electronic tag.
【学位授予单位】：北京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U495

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