过饱和交通状态下的信号控制关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 17:13

本文关键词： 过饱和状态识别延误控制协调控制交叉干道群体动力学　出处：《华南理工大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着城市经济的发展，机动车保有量呈现快速增长的态势，而城市道路增长有限且缓慢，导致城市的交通出行严重受阻，交通拥堵频发，交通过饱和状态已经成为常态。如何从整个交通系统的战略角度出发，采取有效的交通措施缓解过饱和交通问题已经成为城市发展的新要求。本文从交通信号控制入手，针对现有过饱和信号控制理论方法的不足，结合过饱和交通状态的特征，在过饱和交通状态识别、过饱和单点控制模型建立、过饱和干道协调控制模型建立以及过饱和交叉口群的协调控制等方面进行了相关的研究与探讨，主要的研究成果可概括如下： 1.通过分析各种不同对象的过饱和交通状态，给出了过饱和交通状态的定义，进一步说明了在过饱和状态下，交叉口存在绿灯时间使用率高、进口道排队积累以及车辆延误显著增加的交通特性，利用过饱和下的排队长度较长特性，，提出了基于最大排队长度的过饱和状态判别方法，该方法简单易行但存在一定的局限性，为了更有效地识别过饱和交通状态，利用检测器的检测数据建立了滞留排队长度预测模型和上游交叉口溢流预测模型，基于这两个模型提出了两个描述过饱和现象的两个交通参数（排队消散系数和溢流阻滞系数）的计算公式，并通过算例分析验证了这两个系数可以有效识别过饱和交通状态。 2.分别论述了在过饱和交通状态下单交叉口的动态信号控制、排队长度相等、主动排队控制和延误最小化控制等四种不同控制策略，以延误最小化为主要控制目标，兼顾其它三种策略建立了延误连续控制模型和延误离散控制模型，延误连续控制模型以连续车流为对象，从进口道的延误计算入手构建了交叉口整体的延误计算模型，说明通过优化求解可得到交叉口的最优控制方案，而延误离散控制模型以单位时间（周期）的车流为对象，从交叉口的整体延误计算入手建立了交叉口的控制模型，设计了遗传算法和极值转换算法分别求取离散控制模型，以离散控制模型求解算例说明了模型的合理性。 3.以过饱和干道单方向的通行能力最大为目标，提出了单向协调控制模型的目标函数，分析了模型的约束条件，提出了过饱和下的四种不同排队控制策略，基于这四种排队控制策略建立了过饱和下的单向协调控制模型，以单向模型的协调主方向为前提，说明了干道次方向存在交通阻滞、交通补偿和绿灯空放三种交通状态，进一步建立了不同交通状态下进口道放行量的计算公式，综合两个方向的约束条件，建立了以主方向优先的过饱和双向协调控制模型，通过算例分析了不同排队控制策略下干道的控制效果，并对比分析了四种策略的优劣，验证说明了模型的正确性。 4.分析了过饱和状态下交叉干道的协调控制方法，提出了采用不同的优先级别实现交叉干道的协调控制，并设计了不同优先级别的干道权重系数的计算过程，介绍了交叉干道协调控制子区的划分方法和子区间的路段集合，同时对这些协调控制基本单元进行了参数定义，重点说明了子区间路段集合的权重计算公式，设计了过饱和下的交叉干道协调控制的步聚，方法从权重最大的子区入手基于路段权重大小逐步将各个子区合并直至将整个区域合并，基于协调控制步骤建立了交叉干道协调控制模型，通过算例进一步说明了过饱和下交叉干道的协调控制实现过程。 5.分析说明了群体动力学理论与方法，提出采用递阶协调的方式、动态调整和优化交叉口的周期和绿信比实现过饱和下的交叉口群协调控制方法，基于群体动力学原理，建立了交叉口绿信比优化调整的动力学算子，并对其稳定性做出了分析与说明，对过饱和下交叉口群的合并与分离条件进行了定义，并针对这两种情况设计了周期和绿信比等的调整算法，综合两种算法提出了过饱和下的整体动态协调控制算法，同时以过饱和排队延误最小建立了过饱和下的交叉口群协调控制模型，说明其优化求解流程，最后以广州市中山路为案例说明模型的优化求解结果，并与MAXBAND方法、TRANSYT-7F方法的协调效果对比验证说明模型的优越性。 6.以广州市天河区天河北路为案例，运用过饱和交通识别方法判定天河北路的过饱和交通状态，利用延误控制模型优化各交叉口的绿信比，运用干道协调控制模型优化干道整体的配时方案，并通过交通仿真分析天河北路在改善前、绿波协调控制下及改善后的延误时间及停车次数指标的变化情况，验证说明了论文研究成果的正确性与实用性。
[Abstract]:With the development of city economy, the amount of vehicle showed rapid growth, and the growth of city road is limited and slow, leading to the city traffic blocked traffic congestion frequent traffic saturation has become the norm. From the whole traffic system of the strategic point of view, to take effective measures to alleviate the traffic problem over saturated traffic it has become a new demand for the development of city. This paper starts from the traffic signal control, aiming at the existing problems of saturated signal control theory, combined with the characteristics of saturated traffic state, in the saturated traffic state recognition, supersaturated the single point control model, has carried on the related research and Discussion on the oversaturated arterial road coordinate control model and coordinated control of oversaturated intersection group and so on. The main results can be summarized as follows:
1. through the analysis of all kinds of different objects over saturated traffic conditions, gives a definition of the saturated traffic state, further explained in the saturated state, the intersection of existing green time high usage rate, import line traffic characteristics and the accumulation of significant increase in vehicle delay, queue length is longer under the saturation characteristics, put forward the maximum queue length of the saturated state identification method based on this method is simple but has certain limitation, in order to more effectively identify over saturated traffic conditions, using the detection data detector establishes retention prediction model of queue length and the upstream intersection overflow prediction model, based on the two models of the two descriptions of supersaturation the phenomenon of the two traffic parameters (the queue dissipation coefficient and overflow block coefficient) calculation formula, and verified the two coefficients can be effective through an example analysis Identify supersaturated traffic.
The 2. discusses the over saturated traffic conditions under dynamic intersection signal control, queue length is equal to control and delay minimization control of four different control strategies of active queue, to minimize delays as the main control objectives, taking into account the other three strategies established continuous delay control model and control model of discrete delay, delay continuous control model in a continuous flow, the calculation of construction of the whole intersection delay model was imported from the delay, that the optimal control scheme can be obtained through the intersection optimization, and discrete delay control model in unit time (period) of the flow, the delay control model for computation of the intersection is established from the whole the intersection of the design algorithm of genetic algorithm and extreme conversion is used to obtain discrete control model with discrete control model for examples to illustrate the model Reasonableness.
3. roads to supersaturation single direction maximum capacity as the goal, target function one coordinated control model is put forward, analyzed the constraints of the model, put forward the supersaturation under four different queuing control strategy, the four kinds of queue control strategy established one-way coordinated control model based on the supersaturation, to coordinate the main direction of the model is the premise of the road secondary direction traffic block, traffic lights and compensation air put three kinds of traffic state, further establishes the calculation formula of different traffic conditions, release amount, synthesis constraints in two directions, to establish a main direction priority over saturation of the bidirectional coordinate control model through the example analysis, the control effect of different control strategies under the road line, and comparative analysis of four methods, verify the correctness of the model.
4. analysis of the coordinated control method for saturated cross roads, the coordination with different priority levels to achieve cross roads, and the design calculation process of road weight coefficient of different priority level, introduces set cross arterial road coordinate control sub area decomposition method and sub interval sections, at the same time to coordinate these the basic unit of the control parameter definition, focusing on the calculation formula of the weight set of sub interval sections, designed cross arterial road coordinate control step over saturated conditions together, from the largest sub area of size will gradually merge based on sections of the weight of each sub area until the entire region merging step is established based on coordinated control coordinated control model of cross roads, through examples further illustrate the supersaturation under cross road coordinate control process.
The 5. illustrates the theory and method of group dynamics, puts forward the hierarchical coordination mode, cycle dynamic adjustment and optimization of the intersection and green ratio achieved over saturated conditions of intersection group coordinated control method based on the principle of population dynamics, we established the intersection of split operator dynamics optimization, and made analysis and explain to the stability condition of merger and separation under oversaturated intersection group are defined, and the design of the adjustment algorithm of cycle and green ratio etc. in these two cases, put forward two algorithms the algorithm overall dynamic coordinated control over saturated conditions, at the same time to saturation queuing delay minimization the oversaturated intersection group coordinated control model, the optimization process, taking Guangzhou city as a case study in Zhongshan Road that results in the optimal solution of the model, and MAXBAND method, TRANSYT-7F method The comparison of the coordination results shows the superiority of the model.
6. in Guangzhou City, Tianhe District Tianhe North Road as a case, using the saturated traffic identification method to determine the tianhebei over saturated traffic conditions, using delay optimization control model of the intersection of green signal ratio, using the arterial road coordinate control the overall optimization model for road traffic simulation, and through the analysis in the Tianhe north road improvement, change index number of delay time and parking control under the green wave coordinated and improved, verify the correctness of the research results and practical.

【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.54

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