公交客车运力匹配研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 03:21

本文选题：公交客车　切入点：运力匹配　出处：《重庆交通大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：公交客车作为我国大中城市的主要交通工具，其运力的合理匹配度影响着城市公共交通的可持续发展。优化公交客车运力的匹配度，是提高公交服务水平、缓解城市拥堵、引导低碳生活、创建和谐交通环境的有效措施。本文从节能减排的角度出发，基于多目标规划理论对公交客车运力结构匹配和线路运力匹配进行了研究，建立了相关的匹配模型。论文主要完成的工作如下：第一，从宏观、中观和微观三个方面对公交客车运力匹配的影响因素进行了分析。宏观方面分析了国家政策、城市规模、城市经济技术发展状况和城市环境状况对公交客车运力匹配的影响；中观方面主要从客流需求特性、公交客车的满载率、道路交通条件、线路和站点通行能力等方面阐述了其对公交客车运力匹配的影响；微观方面从与公交客车相关的购置费用、运营特性、技术参数等方面分析了对公交客车运力匹配的影响。第二，对公交客车运力结构匹配进行了研究。首先，分析了公交客车种类及相关的技术参数（外廓尺寸、比功率、最大爬坡度、接近角、离去角、转弯半径等），在此基础上，对公交客车运力结构与道路条件的匹配进行了研究；其次，从低碳经济的角度出发，分析了不同类型公交客车的碳排放量及其经济处理成本，并对公交客车运力结构与城市环境的匹配性进行了研究；最后，以公交客车尾气排放，人均碳排放量，，购置、运营和报废成本，运力规模等各方面因素为约束条件，建立了人均碳排量处理成本与公交企业人均支出成本均最小的多目标模型运力结构匹配模型。第三，构建了基于多目标规划的单条公交线路运力匹配模型。在所建立的模型中，综合考虑了环境效益和经济效益，分别以公交客车人均碳排量处理成本最小化、公交企业人均支出成本最小化、乘客人均出行成本最小化为目标，以发车频率、道路交通条件、客流需求量等因素为约束条件，建立了公交线路运力匹配模型，以此确定单条公交线路公交客车合理的发车频率、数目及车型结构。第四，以莆田市公交为例，对运力匹配模型进行了理论验证。
[Abstract]:As the main means of transportation in large and medium-sized cities in China, the reasonable matching degree of public transport capacity affects the sustainable development of urban public transport. Optimizing the matching degree of bus capacity is to improve the level of public transport services and alleviate urban congestion. In this paper, based on the theory of multi-objective programming, the matching of bus capacity structure and line capacity is studied from the point of view of energy saving and emission reduction. The relevant matching model is established. The main work of this paper is as follows:. First, the paper analyzes the influencing factors of bus capacity matching from three aspects: macro, meso and micro. In macro aspect, it analyzes the national policy, the scale of the city, The effects of urban economic and technological development and urban environmental conditions on the capacity matching of public transport buses, mainly from the characteristics of passenger flow demand, the full load rate of bus, the conditions of road traffic, The influence of route and station capacity on bus capacity matching is expounded, and the influence on bus capacity matching is analyzed from the aspects of purchase cost, operation characteristics, technical parameters and so on. Secondly, the matching of bus transport capacity structure is studied. Firstly, the types of bus and related technical parameters (outer dimension, specific power, maximum climbing slope, approaching angle, departure angle, turning radius, etc.) are analyzed. The matching of bus transport capacity structure and road conditions is studied. Secondly, from the perspective of low-carbon economy, the carbon emissions of different types of bus and their economic treatment costs are analyzed. The matching between bus transport capacity structure and urban environment is studied. Finally, the factors such as bus exhaust emission, per capita carbon emission, purchase, operation and scrap cost, capacity scale and so on are taken as constraints. A multi-objective model of capacity structure matching is established, in which the cost of carbon emission treatment per capita and the cost of per capita expenditure of public transport enterprises are the minimum. Thirdly, the capacity matching model of single bus line based on multi-objective programming is constructed. In the model, considering the environmental benefit and economic benefit, the average carbon emission of bus is minimized, respectively. The minimum per capita expenditure cost of public transport enterprises and the minimum per passenger travel cost are the objectives. Taking the departure frequency, road traffic conditions, passenger flow demand and other factors as the constraints, the paper establishes a matching model for the capacity of public transport lines. The reasonable departure frequency, number and vehicle structure of bus with single bus line are determined. In 4th, taking Putian city public transportation as an example, the model of capacity matching was theoretically verified.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U469.13;U491.17

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