高速公路事故多发点交通安全设施有效性研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 10:09

本文选题：高速公路　切入点：事故多发点　出处：《河北工业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：高速公路事故多发点是交通事故相对集中的区域，严重影响着高速公路的安全性，对司乘人员的生命财产安全造成巨大隐患。事故多发点由多种因素共同作用形成，工程措施对其治理难度大。安全设施是交通管理者传递交通信息的方式，是对交通真实环境的修正。合理有效的交通安全设施可以有效降低事故严重程度和事故率，工程经济性良好，具有巨大的工程实用价值。合理确定事故多发点是交通安全研究的前提，在对京沪高速公路安全特征分析的前提下，对比不同鉴别方法，提出了基于事故间距事故多发点的确定方法。分析事故成因，发现超速是导致事故的最主要因素，其直接影响事故率和事故严重程度，因而对速度有效约束可以提高事故多发点特定路段安全性。交通安全设施对车辆的影响也集中体现的车速上，因此以速度为中介分析速度和事故之间的关系，建立了速度期望-事故严重程度、事故离散性-事故率的模型，为交通安全设施实施效果提供量化依据。在研究过程中，以交通安全设施前后断面为分析单元，运用K-S检验了安全设施前后车速服从正态分布，验证车速变化存在显著差异性。有效性方面，，首先阐述了典型事故多发点安通交全设施对车速的影响，结合河北其它高速交通安全设施车速数据，宏观分析了交通安全设施作用前后速度梯度、超速率、离散程度的变化趋势，通过降低事故严重程度和路段预期事故次数对主要交通安全设施进行了有效性评价。
[Abstract]:The accident prone spot is the area where the traffic accident is relatively concentrated, which seriously affects the safety of the expressway and causes a huge hidden danger to the safety of the life and property of the passengers. The accident prone spot is formed by a variety of factors. Engineering measures are very difficult to manage. Safety facilities are the way for traffic managers to transmit traffic information and correct the real traffic environment. Reasonable and effective traffic safety facilities can effectively reduce the severity of accidents and accident rates. The engineering economy is good and has great practical value. It is the premise of traffic safety research to reasonably determine the accident prone spot. On the premise of analyzing the safety characteristics of Beijing-Shanghai expressway, by comparing the different identification methods, this paper puts forward a method to determine the accident frequent spot based on the accident spacing, and analyzes the cause of the accident. It is found that speeding is the most important factor leading to the accident, which directly affects the accident rate and the severity of the accident. Therefore, the effective restriction of speed can improve the safety of specific sections in the accident prone areas. The impact of traffic safety facilities on vehicles is also concentrated on the speed of the vehicle, so the relationship between the speed and the accident is analyzed with the speed as the intermediary. A model of speed expectation, accident severity, accident dispersion and accident rate is established, which provides a quantitative basis for the implementation of traffic safety facilities. In the course of the research, the section before and after traffic safety facilities is taken as the analysis unit. Using K-S to test the normal distribution of speed suit before and after the safety facilities, it is proved that there is significant difference in the change of speed. Based on the speed data of other high speed traffic safety facilities in Hebei province, the trend of speed gradient, overspeed and dispersion of traffic safety facilities before and after the action of traffic safety facilities is analyzed macroscopically. The effectiveness of main traffic safety facilities is evaluated by reducing the severity of accidents and the expected number of road accidents.
【学位授予单位】：河北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.5

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