时间窗约束下的快递车辆动态调度问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 06:32

本文选题：时间窗　切入点：快递车辆调度　出处：《浙江工商大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：快递是指快递企业使用陆运、空运等运输方式对客户货物进行快速投递的活动过程,是一种门对门的物流活动。国务院印发的《物流业发展中长期规划(2014—2020年)》中提到提高物流配送效率和专业化服务水平和完善一批快递转运中心,对快递行业的发展提出了新的要求。随着电子商务和快递行业的迅速发展,快递业务量大幅增长,为了提高客户满意度,城市转运中心需要对客户的动态需求做出快速反应。优化客户分区以及车辆调度对降低成本和提高客户满意度具有重大意义。本文以时间窗约束下的快递车辆动态调度问题为研究对象,使用Solomon启发式算法和改进K-means聚类算法,以及Matlab和Arc View GIS等研究工具,对是否采用“二程接驳”以及改进“二程接驳”的快递车辆动态调度模型进行了研究,主要研究工作及成果总结如下： (1)综述了车辆调度问题。给出了车辆调度问题在国内外的研究现状,讨论了车辆调度问题的构成要素和分类,综述了求解车辆调度问题的现代启发式算法。 (2)研究了无接驳快递车辆动态调度问题。通过对快递企业的取送货现状进行提炼,构建无接驳快递车辆动态调度问题模型。在该问题中,所有车辆每天必须中途返回城市转运中心一次,卸载所收揽的快递件。车辆第二次返回城市转运中心的时间不得早于规定的最早返回时间。在构建该问题的数学模型基础上,采用Solomon插入启发式算法求解无接驳快递车辆动态调度问题。 (3)研究了基于“二程接驳”快递车辆动态调度问题。本文在前人研究的基础上,为了减少取送货车辆往返城市转运中心的次数,降低行驶路程,将“二程接驳”运用到快递车辆动态调度问题,构建了基于“二程接驳”快递车辆动态调度问题模型。在该问题中,所有取送货每天只需返回城市转运中心一次,且不能早于企业规定的最早返回时间；有一定数量的接驳车辆负责取送货车辆的接驳任务,接驳车辆返回城市转运中心的时间不得晚于规定的最晚返回时间。 (4)研究了改进“二程接驳”快递车辆动态调度问题。本文针对在基于“二程接驳”快递车辆动态调度问题模型中,接驳车辆每天闲置时间较长、使用率不高的情况,提出了改进“二程接驳”快递车辆动态调度问题模型。在该问题中,不再单独设置接驳车辆,从执行取送货的车辆中选取某几辆车执行接驳任务。 (5)研究了快递车辆动态调度问题的应用。根据W快递公司为本文研究所提供的实例数据,进行了无接驳、“二程接驳”和改进“二程接驳”三类快递车辆动态调度问题的应用研究。本文采用Solomon插入算法进行模型的求解。通过实例分析验证了本文提出的改进“二程接驳”快递车辆调度问题模型的有效性和应用价值。
[Abstract]:Express delivery refers to the process in which express delivery enterprises use transportation methods such as ground transportation, air transportation, etc., to deliver goods to customers quickly. It is a door-to-door logistics activity. The medium- and long-term plan for the development of the logistics industry 2014-2020, issued by the State Council, mentions improving the efficiency of logistics distribution and specialized service levels and perfecting a number of express transportation centers. With the rapid development of e-commerce and express delivery industry, the volume of express delivery business has increased significantly, in order to improve customer satisfaction, The city transit center needs to respond to the customers' dynamic demand quickly. Optimizing the customer partition and vehicle scheduling is of great significance to reduce the cost and improve the customer satisfaction. This paper uses the time window to restrict the express delivery vehicle movement. State scheduling problem is studied. Using Solomon heuristic algorithm and improved K-means clustering algorithm, as well as research tools such as Matlab and Arc View GIS, the dynamic dispatching model of express delivery vehicle is studied whether to adopt "two-way connection" or to improve "two-way connection". The main findings of the study are summarized as follows:. (1) the vehicle scheduling problem is summarized, the research status of vehicle scheduling problem at home and abroad is given, the constituent elements and classification of vehicle scheduling problem are discussed, and the modern heuristic algorithm for solving vehicle scheduling problem is summarized. 2) the dynamic scheduling problem of express delivery vehicle without feeder is studied. By refining the present situation of pick-up and delivery in express delivery enterprises, the dynamic scheduling problem model of express delivery vehicle without connection is constructed. In this problem, All vehicles must return to the urban transit center once a day and unload the received courier. The second return of the vehicle to the city transit center must not be earlier than the earliest specified return time. On the basis of the mathematical model of the problem, Solomon insertion heuristic algorithm is used to solve the dynamic dispatch problem of express delivery vehicle without connection. The dynamic dispatching problem of express delivery vehicle based on "two way connection" is studied in this paper. Based on the previous research, in order to reduce the frequency of taking delivery vehicle to and from the city transit center and reduce the driving distance, In this paper, a dynamic dispatching model of express vehicle based on "two-lane connection" is constructed by applying "two-lane connection" to express vehicle dynamic scheduling problem. In this problem, all pick-up deliveries only need to return to the urban transit center once a day. And it can not be earlier than the earliest return time stipulated by the enterprise; there are a certain number of feeder vehicles responsible for picking up the delivery vehicles, and the time of returning to the city transit center is not later than the prescribed time of return. In this paper, the dynamic scheduling problem of improved "two-lane connection" express delivery vehicle is studied. In the model of dynamic dispatching of express vehicle based on "two-lane connection", the idle time of connecting vehicle is longer every day and the utilization rate is not high. In this paper, an improved dynamic dispatching model for express delivery vehicles is proposed. In this problem, the connecting vehicles are no longer set up separately, and some vehicles are selected from the vehicles carrying out pick-up and delivery to carry out the connecting tasks. (5) the application of dynamic dispatching problem of express delivery vehicle is studied. According to the example data provided by W express company for this study, The application research of three kinds of express vehicle dynamic scheduling problems without connection, "two way connection" and improved "two way connection" is carried out. In this paper, Solomon insertion algorithm is used to solve the model. The proposed method is verified by example analysis. The effectiveness and application value of improving the model of "two-way connection" express delivery vehicle scheduling problem are improved.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U492.22;F253

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