常规公交线网优化的数学模型构建及算法研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 18:37

本文选题：城市交通　切入点：公交规划　出处：《长安大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随着全球经济的发展和城市人口与机动车数量的快速增长，世界各国多数城市，尤其是大城市面临着巨大的交通压力，主要表现在交通拥挤加剧、交通事故增多、能源消耗上升、城市环境恶化等方面。交通问题已然成为制约世界各国城市经济进一步发展的因素之一。国外成功经验表明，优先发展城市公共交通，建立一个运营高效、合理的公交系统可以有效缓解以上问题，而对于任何一个城市的公共交通系统，作为公交规划核心内容的公交线网设计和优化，其结果是否合理直接影响着公交规划的可操作性和合理性。基于以上背景，，本文在对国内外有关城市公交线网优化研究进行分析的基础上，考虑在城市公交运力有限条件下，建立以乘客换乘次数和乘客旅行时间最小化为目标的双目标优化模型，运用LINGO优化软件结合小规模问题算例验证该模型的准确性。针对本文所构建的公交线网优化模型特征采用遗传算法对该模型进行求解设计，对巴彦淖尔市临河区公交线网进行优化，生成优化方案。通过比较优化方案与现状线网各项公交线网评价指标值（线网总长度、线网密度、站点覆盖率、非直线系数等），从中可以看出，优化方案的各项评价指标与现状相比均有了很大的提高。结果表明，本文所建立的模型及算法可用于常规公交线网优化，其得到了比较好的结果，证明了模型的准确性和算法的有效性。
[Abstract]:With the development of the global economy and the rapid growth of the urban population and the number of motor vehicles, most of the cities in the world, especially the big cities, are facing enormous traffic pressure, mainly in the increase of traffic congestion and traffic accidents. Transportation problems have become one of the factors restricting the further development of urban economy around the world. The successful experience of foreign countries shows that priority should be given to the development of urban public transport and the establishment of an efficient operation. Reasonable public transport system can effectively alleviate the above problems, and for any city's public transport system, as the core content of public transport planning, the design and optimization of public transport network, Whether the result is reasonable or not directly affects the maneuverability and rationality of bus planning. Based on the above background, based on the analysis of the domestic and foreign research on the optimization of urban transit network, this paper considers the condition of limited urban transit capacity. A two-objective optimization model with the goal of minimizing passenger transfer times and travel time is established. The accuracy of the model is verified by using LINGO optimization software combined with a small scale problem. The genetic algorithm is used to solve the model, which is based on the characteristics of the bus network optimization model constructed in this paper. The bus network in Linhe district of Bayan Nur city is optimized, and the optimization scheme is generated. The evaluation index value (total length of network, density of line network, station coverage rate) is compared with that of each bus network of current network. It can be seen that the evaluation index of the optimization scheme has been greatly improved compared with the present situation. The results show that the model and algorithm established in this paper can be used to optimize the conventional bus network. A good result is obtained, which proves the accuracy of the model and the validity of the algorithm.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.17

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