三维激光扫描隧道断面形变监测方法研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 08:14

本文选题：三维激光扫描　切入点：形变监测　出处：《河南理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国城市轨道交通建设的大规模发展,地铁工程诱发的城市繁华区地表形变已成为国家和社会高度关注的公共安全问题,尤其是轨道交通工程建设周期长、运营时间跨度大,从而造成隧道变形因素具有多方位、多层次和时延性。本文在全面分析和总结地铁隧道变形监测及点云数据断面信息提取方法国内外研究现状的基础上,研究点云数据滤波、隧道中线高精度提取、任意位置横断面快速构建的关键技术,旨在建立一种全新的监测方法,寻求地铁隧道断面形变信息快速提取的有效途径,为地铁工程形变监测及运营维护提供借鉴。根据地铁空间狭小、隧道内壁异常坚硬等特点,本文设计并制作了适用于地铁隧道特殊环境、可用于检验三维激光扫描监测精度的反射标贴,并据此建立了地铁隧道精密控制网。针对激光点云数据特点,本文提出采用基于统计特征的滤波原理结合条件欧氏聚类滤波方法,建立了隧道点云数据滤波算法模型,有效剔除了地铁盾构环片上的“非点”(如螺丝螺栓、金属支架等);利用改进的ICP算法对点云数据进行配准,实现了隧道三维表面模型(DSM)和数字高程模型(DEM)的高精度构建。本文提出对隧道区间点云在XOY面和YOZ面的投影中值进行二次多项式拟合提取出隧道中线,并根据中线构建隧道内壁任意位置的断面,实现了地铁隧道全方位的空间变化信息的精准表达。本文利用地面三维激光扫描技术在实验区开展对地铁隧道断面形变监测有效性的相关验证工作,通过对两期监测数据进行统计和定量分析,表明了该方法的可行性和实用性。
[Abstract]:With the large-scale development of urban rail transit construction in China, the surface deformation induced by subway engineering has become a public safety problem of great concern to the country and the society, especially the construction period of rail transit project is long. The operation time span is long, which causes the tunnel deformation factors to have multi-orientation, multi-level and time-ductility. Based on the comprehensive analysis and summary of the subway tunnel deformation monitoring and point cloud data section information extraction methods at home and abroad, the paper analyzes and summarizes the present situation of the research at home and abroad. The key technologies of point cloud data filtering, high precision extraction of tunnel midline and rapid construction of cross section at any position are studied. The purpose of this paper is to establish a new monitoring method to find an effective way to extract the deformation information of subway tunnel section quickly. This paper provides a reference for the deformation monitoring and operation maintenance of subway engineering. According to the characteristics of the small space of the subway and the unusual hardness of the inner wall of the tunnel, this paper designs and makes a special environment suitable for the subway tunnel. It can be used to test the accuracy of 3D laser scanning and monitoring. Based on this, the precision control network of subway tunnel is established. According to the characteristics of laser point cloud data, In this paper, the filtering principle based on statistical characteristics and conditional Euclidean clustering filtering method are used to establish the filtering algorithm model of tunnel point cloud data, which effectively removes the "non-point" (such as screw bolt) on the shield ring of subway. Metal supports, etc., using improved ICP algorithm to register point cloud data, The high precision construction of tunnel 3D surface model (DSM) and digital elevation model (DSM) is realized. In this paper, the projection median of tunnel interval point cloud on XOY surface and YOZ plane is fitted by quadratic polynomial fitting to extract the tunnel midline. At the same time, according to the middle line, the section at any position of the inner wall of the tunnel is constructed. In this paper, the three-dimensional laser scanning technology is used to verify the effectiveness of deformation monitoring of subway tunnel section in the experimental area. The feasibility and practicability of the method are proved by statistical and quantitative analysis of the two periods of monitoring data.
【学位授予单位】：河南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U456.3

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