行人-公交紧急疏散集成优化模型

发布时间：2018-04-03 07:20

本文选题：公共交通　切入点：突发事件　出处：《交通运输工程学报》2014年03期

【摘要】：针对大型公共场所突发事件提出了运用公共交通进行紧急疏散的集成优化模型。模型将紧急疏散问题抽象为行人交通流和公共交通网络的双层优化网络,第1层引导撤离人员从事发地点(建筑物等)到达指定的乘车点(公交站等),第2层优化公交车从场站出发,途经各乘车点,最后运输撤离人员到达安全地点。利用基于禁忌搜索的两阶段启发式算法对模型进行求解和验证。验证结果表明:在一个有328人需要疏散的网络中,共使用8辆公交车完成疏散。目标函数中每一项权重的变化对模型输出结果基本没有影响,模型具有很强的鲁棒性。对比CPLEX优化软件,启发式算法能够在1h内求解出近似最优解,并且近似最优解与最优解的误差小于15%。模型充分考虑了撤离人员分配与公交路径优化之间的交互影响,实现了在紧急疏散时行人交通流与公共交通网络的组织最优。
[Abstract]:An integrated optimization model for emergency evacuation by public transport is proposed.The model abstracts the emergency evacuation problem into a two-layer optimization network of pedestrian traffic flow and public transport network.The first floor guides evacuees from the accident site (buildings etc.) to the designated bus point (bus station etc.) the second floor optimizes the bus from the station to pass through the bus points finally transport evacuees to the safe place.A two-stage heuristic algorithm based on Tabu search is used to solve and verify the model.The results show that in a network with 328 people to evacuate, eight buses are used to complete the evacuation.The change of each weight in the objective function has no effect on the output of the model, and the model has strong robustness.Compared with the CPLEX optimization software, the heuristic algorithm can solve the approximate optimal solution within 1 h, and the error between the approximate optimal solution and the optimal solution is less than 15.The model fully considers the interaction between evacuation assignment and bus route optimization and realizes the optimal organization of pedestrian traffic flow and public transport network in emergency evacuation.
【作者单位】：山东大学控制科学与工程学院;威斯康辛大学密尔沃基分校土木工程系;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(51108248) 山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2011GQ002) 山东大学自主创新基金项目(2011TB019)
【分类号】：U491

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