近年北极东北和西北航道开通状况分析

发布时间：2018-04-05 22:21

  本文选题：北极　切入点：海冰　出处：《海洋学报(中文版)》2014年10期

【摘要】：利用微波卫星遥感数据对北极东北航道和西北航道近年来的冰情变化,以及影响航道开通的关键区域和每年的开通状况进行了分析和总结,并对航道未来的可能冰情状况进行了展望,期望对航道利用者有所帮助。东北航道全线开通期主要集中在8月下旬至10月上旬,开通总天数多在40~50d;西北航道南线开通期主要集中在8月上中旬至10月上旬,开通总天数多在50~60d;西北航道北线开通时间主要集中在9月。东北航道冰情最为复杂的是连接拉普捷夫海和喀拉海的北地群岛区域海冰,也是影响航道开通的关键区。影响西北航道南线开通的关键主要是威廉王岛附近维多利亚海峡、威尔士王子岛东侧的皮尔海峡和北侧巴罗海峡区域的海冰状况;影响北线开通的关键区域是班克斯岛西北部的麦克卢尔海峡和梅尔维尔子爵海峡;东北航道可通航性优于西北航道。虽然气候变化大背景下北极海冰总量减少,但由于海冰流动性增强,局部海冰变化愈发复杂,海冰分布年际差异较大,需要加强北极海冰监测和预报能力,为未来航道利用提供保障。
[Abstract]:Based on the microwave satellite remote sensing data, this paper analyzes and summarizes the ice regime changes in the Arctic Northeast Channel and the Northwest Passage in recent years, as well as the key areas affecting the opening of the channel and the opening situation of each year.The possible ice condition of the waterway in the future is forecasted, which is expected to be helpful to the waterway users.The whole opening period of the Northeast Channel is mainly concentrated from late August to early October, and the total number of days of opening is mostly 40 ~ 50 days, while the opening period of the South Route of the Northwest Passage is mainly concentrated from the first half of August to the first ten days of October.The total number of days of opening is more than 50 days, and the time of opening of the North Route of Northwest Passage is mainly concentrated in September.The most complicated ice condition in the northeast channel is the sea ice in the Northern Islands, which connects the Laptev Sea and the Kera Sea, and it is also the key area that affects the opening of the channel.The key factors affecting the opening of the southern route of the Northwest Passage are the Victoria Channel near King William, the Pier Channel on the east side of Prince Island of Wales and the sea ice condition in the Barrow Strait region on the north side.The key areas affecting the opening of the northern route are the McLourr Strait and the Viscount Melville Strait in the northwest of Banks Island, and the navigability of the Northeast Passage is superior to that of the Northwest Passage.Although the total amount of Arctic sea ice decreases under the background of climate change, due to the increase of sea ice fluidity and the increasing complexity of local sea ice changes, the distribution of sea ice varies greatly between years, so it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and forecasting capacity of Arctic sea ice.To provide the guarantee for the future waterway utilization.
【作者单位】： 国家海洋环境预报中心国家海洋局海洋灾害预报技术研究重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41376188,41206184) 海洋公益性行业科研专项(201205007) 极地考察专项(CHINARE-03-01) 国家海洋局极地对外合作项目(IC201211)
【分类号】：U697;P731.15

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