基于风险分析的危险品车辆路径优化问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 12:05

本文选题：风险分析 + 粗糙集理论　；参考：《天津大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着工业化的发展，危险品的生产量和运输量与年俱增，对人类安全健康和自然环境的危害正在逐步扩大和加深。据统计，我国95％以上的危险品涉及异地运输问题，其中82％左右是通过道路运输的，年运输量达2亿吨左右。近年来危险品事故频发，后果极其严重，这是因为危险品运输量逐年增加，运输管理不能适应如此大量的危险品运输。危险品运输是关系到国民生命财产安全的大问题，基于风险分析的路径优化可降低危险品道路运输风险，为管理部门以及运输企业提供相应的决策支持，已达到降低运输风险的目的。本文首先概述了国内外危险品运输管理情况，危险品运输风险分析与路径优化的研究情况，发展趋势以及存在的主要问题；经过分析200起具有代表性的危险品运输案例，得出危险品运输事故的一般特性并对危险品运输事故致因进行研究，明确运输事故发生的原因，并用粗糙集理论对影响因素的属性重要度进行排序，识别影响危险品运输的主要因素与次要因素；构建了风险评价标准与流程，从事故率与事故后果两个方面对运输风险进行评价，构建了风险评价模型；针对危险品回收问题，将危险品回收时间窗约束引入到模型中，建立了同时考虑时间与运输成本的多目标VRPTW模型，通过对四种启发式算法做比较，基于遗传算法求在求解VRP问题上的优势，利用遗传算法解出模型的帕累托最优解，为危险品运输选线作参考；最后，本文提出了危险品运输风险的控制流程，，危险品运输风险的控制技术手段，针对人，车，物，环境以及管理这五个方面，给出了具体的危险品运输风险控制对策。
[Abstract]:With the development of industrialization, the production and transportation of dangerous goods increase with each year, and the harm to human safety and natural environment is gradually expanding and deepening.According to statistics, more than 95% of the dangerous goods in China are related to the transportation of different places, of which 82% are transported by road, and the annual transportation volume is about 200 million tons.In recent years, dangerous goods accidents occur frequently, the consequences are extremely serious, this is because the volume of dangerous goods transport increases year by year, transportation management can not adapt to such a large number of dangerous goods transport.Dangerous goods transportation is a major problem related to the safety of national life and property. The route optimization based on risk analysis can reduce the risk of road transportation of dangerous goods and provide corresponding decision support for management departments and transportation enterprises.The aim of reducing transport risks has been achieved.This paper first summarizes the management of dangerous goods transportation at home and abroad, the research situation of risk analysis and route optimization of dangerous goods transportation, the development trend and the main problems, and analyzes 200 representative cases of dangerous goods transportation.The general characteristics of dangerous goods transportation accidents are obtained, and the causes of dangerous goods transportation accidents are studied, and the causes of transportation accidents are clarified, and the importance of the factors is sorted by rough set theory.Identify the main factors and secondary factors that affect the transportation of dangerous goods, construct the risk evaluation standard and process, evaluate the transportation risk from accident rate and accident consequence, construct the risk evaluation model, and aim at the problem of dangerous goods recovery,The time window constraint of dangerous goods recovery is introduced into the model, and a multi-objective VRPTW model considering both time and transportation cost is established. By comparing four heuristic algorithms, the advantages of solving VRP problem based on genetic algorithm are obtained.Using genetic algorithm to solve the model of Pareto optimal solution for dangerous goods transportation route selection for reference. Finally, this paper proposed the dangerous goods transport risk control process, dangerous goods transport risk control technology means, aimed at people, cars, objects,The environment and management of the five aspects, the specific transport of dangerous goods risk control countermeasures.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U492.22;U492.81

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