城市道路微循环网络交通组织优化研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 19:25

本文选题：交通微循环 + 双层规划　；参考：《重庆交通大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,城市交通拥堵问题越来越成为交通规划建设专家们面临的问题,目前最常用的解决交通拥堵策略有建设新道路、拓宽改造、智能交通系统以及交通组织优化,这些措施有一定的成效。大部分交通拥堵问题症结在主要干道和交叉口节点上,而支路利用率非常低,逐步完善现有路网的支路微循环系统是一种解决现有片区交通拥堵的新的探索方向,既为干道分压减流,均衡路网流量,又节约了土地资源。因此,路网交通微循环系统设计的是否合理将直接关系到能否将干道上的交通流吸引到支路上,提升路网交通运行效率。本文通过对现有的微循环系统的设计理念进行总结,并提出微循环网络交通组织优化模型和求解算法。首先,以医学中的血液循环功能为例引申出城市路网微循环系统的含义,并从影响规模上、持续时间、交通载体、路段单向性、出行目的等方面划分微循环的类型,总结了交通微循环系统的交通压力过渡、可达性、解决片区交通拥堵等功能特性,深入的探讨交通需求、交通流、交通组织优化三大微循环交通特性。其次,从微循环路网的交通需求分布、交通流量大小以及交通组织现状来诊断路网存在的交通问题,建立以最小化区域干道平均饱和度、最小化区域干道饱和度超限量、最小化区域支路路段平均饱和度为优化目标的多目标优化的双层规划模型,决策变量为微循环路网支路路段的行车组织方向。下层规划是各个路段的交通量在干道、支路路段通行能力和饱和度的限定条件下符合用户平衡配流模型,各个路段的交通量即下层规划的决策变量。再次,对比分析现代智能算法的优缺点、适用范围以及应用原理,遗传算法使用决策变量的实际值来进行编码分析,并以适应度函数作为索引搜索解集合的信息,提高了程序运行效率。基于遗传算法的简便、高效、鲁棒性强等特点,设计了求解模型的遗传算法,得出路网进行微循环优化后的交通组织优化方案。最后,针对现状和优化后的微循环路网交通组织优化方案,采用仿真软件TransCAD进行宏观建模,提取仿真结果中的交通量、路径行车方案等参数,构建微观仿真Vissim模型,输出延误、排队长度等交通参数的结果,最后以宏观和微观仿真结果参数建立评价指标体系,借助评价软件MCE,采用灰色多层次综合评价法对路网微循环优化方案进行评价,对比分析现状与优化后的微循环路网交通组织方案,验证优化后微循环路网交通组织方案的有效性和合理性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the problem of urban traffic congestion has become more and more a problem faced by traffic planning and construction experts. At present, the most commonly used strategies to solve traffic congestion are to build new roads, broaden and transform, optimize the intelligent transportation system and traffic organization.These measures have had some effect.Most of the traffic congestion problem lies in the main trunk roads and intersections, but the utilization rate of the branch roads is very low. It is a new exploration direction to gradually improve the branch road microcirculation system of the existing road network to solve the traffic congestion in the existing areas.Both for the main road pressure and flow reduction, balance network flow, but also save land resources.Therefore, whether the design of traffic microcirculation system of road network is reasonable or not is directly related to whether the traffic flow on the trunk road can be attracted to the branch road and improve the efficiency of traffic operation of the road network.In this paper, the design idea of microcirculation system is summarized, and the traffic organization optimization model and solving algorithm of microcirculation network are put forward.First of all, taking the function of blood circulation in medicine as an example, the meaning of the microcirculation system of urban road network is derived, and the types of microcirculation are classified from the aspects of influence scale, duration, traffic carrier, one-way road section, travel purpose, etc.This paper summarizes the traffic pressure transition, accessibility, traffic congestion and other functional characteristics of traffic microcirculation system, and discusses the traffic demand, traffic flow and traffic organization optimization of three microcirculation traffic characteristics.Secondly, the traffic problems are diagnosed from the distribution of traffic demand, traffic volume and traffic organization of the microcirculation network, and the average saturation of the regional trunk road is minimized, and the saturation of the regional trunk road is minimized.A bilevel programming model that minimizes the average saturation of regional branch sections is a multi-objective optimization model, and the decision variable is the traffic organization direction of the branch road sections of the microcirculation network.The lower level planning is the decision variable of the traffic volume of each section under the limited condition of traffic capacity and saturation of the trunk road and branch road section in accordance with the user equilibrium flow allocation model, and the traffic volume of each section is the decision variable of the lower layer planning.Thirdly, the advantages and disadvantages, application scope and application principle of modern intelligent algorithm are compared and analyzed. Genetic algorithm uses the actual value of decision variable to code analysis, and uses fitness function as index to search the information of solution set.The running efficiency of the program is improved.Based on the advantages of genetic algorithm (GA), such as simplicity, efficiency and robustness, a genetic algorithm for solving the model is designed, and the traffic organization optimization scheme after microcirculation optimization of road network is obtained.Finally, aiming at the current situation and the optimized traffic organization optimization scheme of the microcirculation road network, we use the simulation software TransCAD to carry on the macroscopic modeling, extract the traffic volume, route plan and other parameters in the simulation result, construct the microscopic simulation Vissim model, output delay.Finally, the evaluation index system is established with the parameters of macro and micro simulation results. By means of the evaluation software MCEand the grey multilevel comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the optimization scheme of road network microcirculation.By comparing and analyzing the current situation and the optimized traffic organization scheme of the microcirculation network, the validity and rationality of the optimized traffic organization scheme of the microcirculation network are verified.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U491

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