双出口房间人群疏散的出口选择行为

发布时间：2018-04-18 04:06

本文选题：行人疏散 + 背景场　；参考：《上海大学学报(自然科学版)》2016年06期

【摘要】：采用基于背景场的元胞自动机模型研究双出口房间的人群疏散.为了刻画行人的出口选择行为,引入了衰减背景场,其中考虑了出口处拥堵的影响.出口区域内人数的变化导致衰减背景场随之动态改变.在疏散过程中,行人根据变化的背景场来选择出口.数值模拟结果显示,在衰减背景场的作用下,多数行人选择大出口,少数行人选择小出口.从两个出口离开的人群几乎同时完成疏散,因此疏散时间明显缩短,两个出口都得到了有效利用.背景场衰减系数可以作为衡量行人对出口拥堵状况变化敏感程度的标志,但衰减系数并非越大越好.当衰减系数较大时,会出现振荡流并导致疏散时间变长.确定了临界衰减系数,当衰减系数取临界值时,疏散时间最短,出口利用率最大.模拟结果表明,采用衰减背景场可以很好地描述多出口人群疏散的出口选择行为.
[Abstract]:The cellular automata model based on background field is used to study the evacuation of double-exit rooms.In order to describe the behavior of pedestrian exit selection, the attenuating background field is introduced, in which the influence of exit congestion is considered.The change of the number of people in the exit area leads to the dynamic change of the attenuation background field.During the evacuation, the pedestrian chooses the exit according to the changing background field.The numerical simulation results show that under the action of attenuating background field, most pedestrians choose large exits and a few pedestrians choose small ones.The evacuations from the two exits were completed almost simultaneously, so the evacuation time was significantly shortened and both exits were effectively utilized.The attenuation coefficient of background field can be used to measure the sensitivity of pedestrian to the change of exit congestion, but the bigger the attenuation coefficient is, the better.When the attenuation coefficient is large, the oscillatory flow will appear and the evacuation time will become longer.The critical attenuation coefficient is determined. When the attenuation coefficient is taken as the critical value, the evacuation time is the shortest and the exit utilization ratio is the largest.The simulation results show that the attenuated background field can well describe the exit selection behavior of multiple exits evacuation.
【作者单位】：上海大学上海市应用数学和力学研究所;上海市力学在能源工程中的应用重点实验室;
【基金】：国家重大基础研究发展计划(973计划)资助项目(2012CB725404) 国家自然科学基金资助项目(11172164,11572184)
【分类号】：U491.226;TP301.1

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