基于运动方向变化机制的车辆及行人微观交通模型研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 13:59

本文选题：交通流 + 行人动力学　；参考：《中国科学技术大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：拥堵的城市交通已经成为我国城市发展所面临的普遍性问题,尤其是当公共安全灾害事故发生时,如何保证大规模人群在有限的时间内疏散到安全区域,成为一个重大难题。如何解决或缓解城市交通拥堵,已成为当前国内外交通领域和公共安全领域工作的重中之重。通过计算机模型来研究车辆和行人交通流的基本规律是探索解决交通拥堵的重要手段之一,同时也可为灾害环境下的交通和人群疏散方案的制定提供科学的指导原则。本文研究的主题是城市多车道车辆换道建模和二维行人运动建模,研究的目的是建立能够客观反映城市道路车辆和行人交通基本规律的微观模型,基本思想是在一维车辆跟驰模型的基础上,构建具有统一模型框架的二维连续性车辆换道模型和行人运动模型,从而实现对车辆交通模型的拓展和对行人动力学模型的改进。为探讨交通个体方向变化的一般性机制和建模方法,在第2章,我们首先通过文献调研,分析了典型多车道模型中的车辆换道规则和典型二维行人运动模型中的行人换向机制,总结出车辆换道和行人换向的相似规律,即两者都是由人主导进而改变运动状态的行为过程,然后将这种行为过程概括为需求产生、环境评价、决策触发和方案执行四个阶段,进而提出：交通个体的换道或换向建模过程实质上就是对这四个阶段进行建模的过程。为建立能够客观、真实反映城市道路交通流特征或规律的车辆换道模型,在第3章,我们分别针对车道限速的城市道路典型特点、交通瓶颈下自由换道与强制换道并存的特点和车辆换道的时间过程特征,建立了考虑车道限速的自由换道模型、耦合自由和强制换道的复合换道模型和考虑时间过程的换道模型,并开展交通观测实验对模型进行了对比验证。模拟和实验研究表明：1)存在使车辆产生非对称换道行为的因素是产生“密度倒置”现象的本质原因；2)高速车道的速度优势会因换道行为而损失严重,导致“快而不快”；3)中、高车流密度下的频繁换道行为会降低道路总流量,导致交通流总体“欲速而不达”；4)交通瓶颈前的强制换道行为促使上下游车辆换道更加频繁,并对上游一定范围内的车辆有减速效应,延长车辆个体的行程时间；5)换道频率随交通流密度增加呈先增后减的趋势,且当交通流密度在15-35辆.千米.车道-1的范围时,换道频率最大,交通流量降低最显著。为建立能够真实、准确反映行人交通流特征或规律的二维行人运动模型,在第4章,我们借鉴车辆换道建模的思路及方法,通过分析单列行人运动实验获取的行人期望速度函数和FVD模型加速方程,解决了行人运动过程中速度调整的问题；通过开展行人绕行避障实验获取的行人换向概率函数和新引入的“视野场阻”,解决了行人运动过程中方向决策和方向选择的问题；在总结行人速度调整和方向变化机制的基础上,我们建立了考虑“视野场阻”的连续性行人运动模型,并通过国内外研究人员的实验结果对模型进行了对比验证。实验和模拟研究表明：1)行人的运动速度与其前方相邻行人的运动速度之间存在强相关性,行人有与前方相邻行人保持运动速度同步的趋向；2)行人的换向具有随机性,换向概率随着与障碍物的距离减小而增大；3)考虑“视野场阻”的行人运动模型能够合理准确地描述行人运动系统的特征和规律；4)车辆交通FVD模型框架适用于多车道车辆换道建模,也适用于二维行人运动建模。最后,在第5章,我们对本文的模型研究进行总结,给出主要结论,同时提出在本文工作的基础上可进一步开展的研究点。
[Abstract]:Congested urban traffic has become a universal problem in the development of cities in China. Especially when public safety disasters occur, how to ensure the large population to evacuate to the safe area within a limited period of time has become a major problem. How to solve or alleviate urban traffic congestion has become a current domestic and foreign transportation field and is a major problem. The research on the basic law of vehicle and pedestrian traffic flow through the computer model is one of the important means to explore the traffic congestion, and it can also provide scientific guidance for the formulation of traffic and crowd evacuation plans under the disaster environment.
The main theme of this paper is the modeling of urban multi Lane vehicle routing and two dimensional pedestrian motion modeling. The purpose of this study is to establish a micro model that can objectively reflect the basic rules of urban road vehicles and pedestrian traffic. The basic idea is to build a two-dimensional continuous vehicle with a unified model framework on the basis of one dimension vehicle following model. Lane changing model and pedestrian motion model are used to expand the vehicle traffic model and improve pedestrian dynamics model.
In order to discuss the general mechanism and modeling method of the change of traffic individual direction, in the second chapter, we first analyzed the traffic change rules in the typical multi lane model and the pedestrian change mechanism in the typical two-dimensional pedestrian movement model, and summed up the similarity law of the vehicle change and the pedestrian change, that is, both are from the human owners. The behavior process is then changed to change the state of motion, and then the behavior process is summarized as four stages of demand generation, environmental evaluation, decision triggering and scheme execution, and then the process of modeling for the four stages is essentially the process of modeling for the change or reversing of the traffic individual.
In order to establish a vehicle changing model which can objectively and truly reflect the characteristics or laws of urban road traffic flow, in the third chapter, we set up a free lane change path considering Lane speed limit by the characteristics of the typical Lane speed limit of the urban road, the coexistence of free change and forced change under the traffic bottleneck and the time pass characteristics of the vehicle changing. Model, coupled free and forced transformation of the complex channel model and the time process of the change model, and carry out the traffic observation experiment to verify the model. Simulation and experimental research show that: 1) the existence of the vehicle to produce asymmetrical channel change is the essence of the "density inversion" phenomenon; 2) high speed lane. In 3) the frequent change of road traffic under high traffic density will reduce the total road traffic and cause the traffic flow to be "fast and not"; 4) the forced change of road traffic ahead of the traffic bottleneck causes the upstream and downstream vehicles to change more frequently and to a certain range upstream. The vehicle has the deceleration effect, prolongs the travel time of the vehicle individual; 5) the change frequency increases first and then decreases with the increase of traffic flow density, and when the traffic flow density is in the range of 15-35. Kilometer. Lane -1, the change frequency is the largest and the traffic flow is the most significant.
In order to establish a two-dimensional pedestrian movement model which can truly and accurately reflect the characteristics or laws of pedestrian traffic flow, in the fourth chapter, we draw on the train of thought and method of vehicle lane changing modeling. By analyzing the expected velocity function of pedestrians and the FVD model acceleration equation obtained by the single row pedestrian movement experiment, the problem of speed adjustment in the process of pedestrian movement is solved. By carrying out the pedestrian change probability function and the newly introduced "field of field resistance", the problem of direction decision and direction selection in pedestrian movement is solved by carrying out the pedestrian bypass avoidance experiment. On the basis of summarizing the mechanism of pedestrian velocity adjustment and direction change, we have established a continuous pedestrian movement considering the "field of field resistance". The model is verified by the experimental results of the researchers at home and abroad. Experimental and simulation studies show that: 1) there is a strong correlation between the speed of pedestrians and the speed of the adjacent pedestrians ahead, pedestrians have a tendency to keep the speed of the pedestrians in front of the adjacent pedestrians, and 2) the change of pedestrians is random, The commutation probability increases with the distance from the obstacle; 3) the pedestrian motion model considering the "field resistance" can describe the characteristics and the rules of the pedestrian motion system reasonably and accurately. (4) the vehicle traffic FVD model frame is suitable for the multi Lane vehicle change modeling, and is also suitable for the two-dimensional pedestrian movement modeling.
Finally, in the fifth chapter, we summarize the model research in this paper, give the main conclusions, and put forward the research points that can be further developed on the basis of the work in this paper.

【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491

【参考文献】