基于宽容性理念的高速公路优化设计研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 21:41

本文选题：高速公路 + 宽容性理念　；参考：《河北工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：自20世纪80年代以来，我国高速公路建设事业发展迅速，然而高速公路的交通安全形势却越来越严峻，高速公路每年发生的交通事故起数和伤亡人数都居高不下，对社会经济发展和人民生命健康造成了严重的危害。我国道路设计一般以设计速度作为控制依据，基于“以车为本”的设计思路来完成道路的设计工作，，而忽略了驾驶员的生理特征和行为习惯。然而，驾驶员不可避免的会在某些意外状况下出现判断和操作失误，从而引发交通事故，造成重大人员伤亡及经济损失。我们不应该过分要求每一位驾驶员都能对突发事件做出冷静、准确、迅速的判断，显然这也是不现实的。宽容性理念是基于“以人为本”的思想，充分考虑驾驶员的生理特征和行为习惯，从道路设计本身出发，通过技术手段主动引导驾驶行为、纠正驾驶员的偏差，同时在驾驶员出现失误时提供一定的容错空间，最大限度保障驾驶员的生命安全。本文基于宽容性的设计理念，从线形优化、主动引导和加强容错等三个方面研究了高速公路的优化设计方法。以北京—新疆高速公路胶泥湾至冀晋界K5+000~K19+000段为例，根据路线特征和VISSIM软件内置模型特点，将全线划分为20个待研究的路段单元，使用VISSIM软件对全线运行速度进行了修正采集，得到各路段单元的运行速度，并使用运行速度对路线的线形一致性进行了检验，使用技术手段对不符合要求的路段进行了处置。基于宽容性的设计理念介绍了目前我国高速公路存在的主动引导措施不完善的几种表现，提出了视觉诱导、速度控制和减少驾驶员视觉占用等措施来加强高速公路本身对于驾驶员的主动引导功能，加强行车安全性。通过对国外较成熟的路侧安全设计理论的研究，以边坡宽容性设计和边沟宽容性设计角度，从边坡的缓坡设计和缓和处理提出了适合我国国情的路侧设计思路，并结合工程实例对宽容性边沟进行了水文水力计算和验证。宽容性理念在高速公路设计中的应用，能够发现线形设计中的不良技术指标和存在的安全隐患，提供符合驾驶员心理和生理特征的主动引导措施，并在车辆失控时提供一定的容错空间，对于高速公路的交通安全有着重要的现实意义。
[Abstract]:Since 1980s, highway construction in China has developed rapidly. However, the traffic safety situation of expressway is becoming more and more serious. The number of traffic accidents and casualties of expressway are high every year. Has caused serious harm to the social economy development and the people's life and health. The road design of our country usually takes the design speed as the control basis, and completes the road design work based on the "car-based" design idea, but neglects the driver's physiological characteristics and behavior habits. However, it is inevitable for drivers to make mistakes in judgment and operation in some accidents, thus causing traffic accidents, causing heavy casualties and economic losses. We should not over-require every driver to make a calm, accurate, quick judgment on an emergency, which is obviously unrealistic. The concept of tolerance is based on the idea of "people-oriented", fully considering the physiological characteristics and behavior habits of drivers, starting from the road design itself, actively guiding driving behavior through technical means, and correcting the deviation of drivers. At the same time, it provides a certain fault tolerance space when the driver makes mistakes, and maximizes the safety of the driver. Based on the concept of tolerance, this paper studies the optimal design method of freeway from three aspects: linear optimization, active guidance and strengthening fault tolerance. Taking the section K5 000~K19 000 of Beijing-Xinjiang Expressway from Ji-Jin boundary as an example, according to the characteristics of the route and the built-in model of VISSIM software, the whole line is divided into 20 sections of road units to be studied. The running speed of the whole line is collected by VISSIM software, and the running speed of each section unit is obtained. The alignment consistency of the route is tested by using the running speed, and the section that does not meet the requirements is disposed with the technical means. Based on the design concept of tolerance, this paper introduces several manifestations of the imperfection of active guiding measures existing in expressway in our country at present, and puts forward the visual guidance. Speed control and reduction of driver's visual occupancy are taken to strengthen the active guiding function of the motorway itself and enhance the driving safety. Based on the research of the more mature road side safety design theory abroad, and from the angle of side slope tolerance design and side ditch tolerance design, this paper puts forward the road side design thought suitable for the national conditions of our country from the slope gentle slope design and the mitigation treatment. The hydrological and hydraulic calculation and verification of the tolerant side gully are carried out in combination with engineering examples. The application of tolerance concept in highway design can find out the bad technical index and the hidden danger of safety in the linear design, and provide the active guiding measures which accord with the psychological and physiological characteristics of the driver. And provide a certain tolerance space when the vehicle is out of control, which has important practical significance for the highway traffic safety.
【学位授予单位】：河北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U412.366

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