运营高速公路施工作业区安全保障技术及工作区长度研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 20:54

本文选题：高速公路 + 养护作业区　；参考：《长安大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来，随着我国高速公路里程不断增长，早期建造的高速公路逐步进入路面大中修、改扩建时期，越来越多的养护作业区将会在公路上出现。但设置施工作业区不仅会降低道路的通畅水平，还容易引发交通事故，，而我国现阶段在作业区交通标志设计、安全控制措施以及工作区长度等方面大多处于半理论半经验状态，缺乏系统性研究。本文在2012年河南省交通投资集团科技研究项目—《大交通量高速公路施工作业区三维可视化交通组织方案评价及优化研究》的资助下，针对现阶段的不足，以实测数据为基础，借助交通仿真等技术手段对交通组织方案若干问题进行合理评估和优化，对于优化高速公路养护作业区的交通组织方案和提高安全保障水平具有重要意义。首先，从交通事故统计数据入手，分析作业区交通事故特点及成因，结合作业区路段交通实际情况，研究驾驶员特性、交通流特性、作业区道路特性、交通环境特性等方面的内容，为高速公路作业区的交通控制与管理提供科学依据。其次，针对目前作业区交通标志由于研究滞后而存在的问题，以驾驶员的视认特性为出发点构建车辆行驶模型，分析交通标志对人、车、路的内在作用机理，通过数学逻辑推导研究作业区交通标志的设置位置、图形类和文字类标志的尺寸设计问题，并对标志牌标准化生产进行初步探讨。再次，为减少车辆大幅降速带来的不安全性，本文依托实际工程，采用VISSIM对高速公路施工作业区进行仿真模拟，并分别以车速标准差与变异系数、延误时间两个指标对行车安全与通畅水平进行评价，对比分析分级限速方案、限速位置方案等策略的实施效果。同时对影响路网交通分流安全的因素进行分析，对分流方案的设计进行探讨。最后，为改善公路养护施工区的交通运行状况，提高施工效率，本文将以交通流的时变特性为研究基础，考虑施工间歇、夜间施工等多种因素建立养护总费用函数模型（包括用于施工本身的费用和道路使用者费用），提出基于总费用整体最优的优化思路与方法。通过设置一定的约束条件，使其更符合生产实际，最终通过Matlab编程实现从多种施工方案中优选出作业区的最佳开工时间和最优工作区长度。本论文研究成果有助于改善作业区交通条件、提高道路通行能力、减少交通事故，将为我国高速公路作业区交通组织方案和安全保障措施提供新方法、新思路，具有较强的理论价值和现实意义。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increasing mileage of freeway in our country, the early-built expressway will gradually enter into the road surface overhaul, and more and more maintenance operation areas will appear on the highway during the period of reconstruction and extension. However, setting up a construction work area will not only reduce the level of smooth road, but also lead to traffic accidents. However, most of the traffic sign design, safety control measures and working area length in our country are in a semi-theoretical and semi-empirical state at the present stage. Lack of systematic research. In this paper, under the financial support of the 2012 Henan Traffic Investment Group S & T research project "Evaluation and Optimization of 3D Visualized Traffic Organization Scheme in the Construction work area of large Traffic Volume Expressway", aiming at the deficiency of the present stage, based on the measured data, It is of great significance to evaluate and optimize the traffic organization scheme by means of traffic simulation and other technical means, which is of great significance to optimize the traffic organization scheme of expressway maintenance operation area and improve the level of safety and security. First of all, starting from the traffic accident statistics, the characteristics and causes of traffic accidents in the operation area are analyzed. Combining with the actual traffic situation of the section of the work area, the characteristics of the driver, the traffic flow and the road characteristics of the operation area are studied. The traffic environment characteristics and other aspects provide scientific basis for the traffic control and management of the expressway operation area. Secondly, in view of the problems existing in the traffic signs in the operation area due to the lag in research, this paper constructs a vehicle driving model based on the drivers' recognition characteristics, and analyzes the inherent mechanism of the traffic signs' action on people, cars and roads. By deducing the mathematical logic, this paper studies the setting position of traffic signs in operation area, the dimension design of graphic and character signs, and discusses the standardized production of signs. Thirdly, in order to reduce the insecurity caused by the large speed reduction of the vehicle, this paper uses VISSIM to simulate the expressway construction work area, and uses the speed standard deviation and the coefficient of variation, respectively, based on the actual engineering. Two indexes of delay time are used to evaluate the traffic safety and smooth level, and the effect of the strategies such as grading speed limit scheme and speed limiting position scheme is compared and analyzed. At the same time, the factors influencing the traffic diversion safety are analyzed, and the design of the diversion scheme is discussed. Finally, in order to improve the traffic condition of highway maintenance and construction area and improve the construction efficiency, this paper will take the time-varying characteristics of traffic flow as the research basis and consider the intermittent construction. The maintenance total cost function model (including the cost of construction itself and road user cost) is established by various factors such as night construction, and the optimization idea and method based on the overall optimization of total cost are put forward. By setting certain constraint conditions to make it more in line with the production practice, the optimal start time and the optimal working area length can be selected from various construction schemes by Matlab programming. The research results of this paper will help to improve the traffic conditions, improve the capacity of roads, reduce traffic accidents, and provide new methods and new ideas for traffic organization and safety measures in expressway operation areas of China. It has strong theoretical value and practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U415;U491

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