快速公交运行控制系统关键理论与方法研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 15:35

本文选题：快速公交系统 + 突发事件　；参考：《吉林大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：伴随着我国城镇化进程的加快，城市规模不断扩大和城市数量的迅速增加，城市人口迅猛增长，交通拥堵逐渐被人们所重视。经济发展也促使近年来私人小汽车的保有量不断提升，交通需求的增长已经给城市交通带来了极大的压力，各种各样的交通问题已经成为制约城市发展的一个“瓶颈”。尽管许多城市已经采取了各种不同的措施予以应对，如增修城市道路，增加立交桥和人行天桥等，在一定程度上缓解了城市交通拥挤问题，但这种供需矛盾的平衡是短期的。随着国家对支柱性产业汽车工业的支持及城市交通设施的完善，人们购买小汽车的数量必然不断增加。显然，道路的增长速度是远不能与车辆增长同步的，因此交通需求与供给的矛盾将长期存在，甚至加剧。国内外的无数研究成果表明，大力发展公共交通是缓解城市交通拥堵、改善城市交通环境的有效措施。由于快速公交系统具有常规公交的经济、便利、灵活等特点，，同时具有轨道交通大容量、高速度的特征，成为提高城市公共交通服务水平和运行效率的最佳选择。因此，研究城市BRT运行系统的关键理论与方法，对于缓解城市交通拥挤、提高居民出行效率、改善交通环境，具有重要的意义。依托交通运输部西部建设科技项目《城市快速公共交通（BRT）规划、控制与运营关键技术研究》，本文突破传统的BRT运行控制系统理论与方法，提出BRT运行控制系统，并对相关的关键理论与方法进行了研究，具体研究内容如下：（1）充分分析了BRT运行控制系统的功能需求，给出了BRT运行控制系统的构成，包括其逻辑框架设计、物理框架设计、系统功能划分，等等。研究了BRT运行控制系统的关键理论，为BRT运行控制系统的构建奠定了理论基础。（2）分析快速公交控制系统的运行状态感知技术，从信息采集、运行状态判别两个方面获取系统实时运行状态，为下文控制策略实施提供数据支持。（3）充分研究了BRT信号优先控制策略与方法，对突发事件对BRT系统的影响进行了分析，提出了突发事件下BRT运行控制方法。在突发事件下，首先要满足应急车辆和EBRT车辆需求，其次要满足交叉口所有交通参与者的交通需求。在控制模型中，根据车辆检测系统判断优先控制对象的类型来采用不同的控制策略，对应急车辆和EBRT采取绝对放行的原则，对BRT车辆，根据每一辆车的当前运行状态来确定不同的控制策略。以北京市BRT1号线为仿真对象，验证了所提出方法的有效性。（4）提出了基于客流变化的BRT发车频率控制方法。BRT线路上的客流量在时空上具有不均衡性，因为客流量是不断变化的，在高峰期客流量比较大，而在平峰期客流量比较小，然而，每一天同一站点、同一时刻的客流量具有相似性特点，因此，可以通过历史客流量和当前的客流量，基于RBF神经网络模型对未来时段的客流量进行短期预测，以预测的客流量为基础，构建发车频率模型，并运用自适应遗传算法对模型进行求解。以北京市BRT1号线实时数据验证了所提出的方法的有效性和可行性。（5）提出了BRT运行控制系统的评价方法。首先建立了BRT运行控制系统的评价指标体系，包括建成前的评价指标体系和建成后的评价指标体系。然后，充分分析了以往的各种BRT系统评价方法的优缺点，对于建成前的评价采用了二级模糊综合评价方法，建成后评价选择基于灰色熵权聚类的方法，并以济南市BRT1号线和2号线为研究对象，对所选择的方法进行了验证。（6）总结与展望。该部分对本文的研究工作及取得的成果进行了全面的总结，并指出了本文现有研究的不足，对下一步研究工作进行了展望。
[Abstract]:With the accelerating process of urbanization in China, the scale of cities is expanding and the number of cities is increasing rapidly. The population of cities is growing rapidly. Traffic congestion has been gradually paid attention to. Economic development has also promoted the increasing of private cars in recent years, and the increase of traffic demand has brought great pressure to urban traffic. A variety of traffic problems have become a bottleneck restricting the development of cities. Although many cities have taken various measures to deal with, such as increasing urban roads, increasing overpasses and pedestrian overpasses, to some extent alleviated the problem of urban traffic congestion, but the balance of the contradiction between supply and demand is short term. With the support of the country's support for the pillar industry and the improvement of urban transportation facilities, the number of people buying small cars will inevitably increase. Obviously, the growth rate of the road is far from the growth of vehicles. Therefore, the contradiction between the demand and supply of traffic will exist for a long time and even aggravate.
Numerous research results at home and abroad show that the development of public transport is an effective measure to alleviate traffic congestion and improve the urban traffic environment. As the bus rapid transit system has the characteristics of the economy, convenience and flexibility of the bus, it has the characteristics of large capacity and high speed, and it has become the improvement of urban public transportation service level. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the key theories and methods of the urban BRT operation system to alleviate urban traffic congestion, improve residents' travel efficiency and improve the traffic environment.
Relying on the urban rapid public transport (BRT) planning of the western construction technology project of the Ministry of transportation and transportation, the key technology research of control and operation is studied. This paper breaks through the traditional BRT operation control system theory and method, and puts forward the BRT operation control system, and studies the related key theories and methods, and the specific research contents are as follows:
(1) the functional requirements of BRT operation control system are fully analyzed, and the composition of BRT operation control system is given, including its logic frame design, physical frame design, system function division, and so on. The key theory of BRT operation control system is studied, which lays a theoretical foundation for the construction of BRT operation control system.
(2) the operation state perception technology of the bus rapid transit control system is analyzed, and the real-time running state of the system is obtained from two aspects of information collection and running state discrimination, and data support is provided for the implementation of the following control strategy.
(3) fully study the BRT signal priority control strategy and method, analyze the impact of unexpected events on the BRT system, and put forward the control method of BRT operation under sudden events. Under the emergency, first of all, we should meet the needs of emergency vehicles and EBRT vehicles, and then meet the traffic requirements of all traffic participants in the intersection. In the control model, According to the vehicle detection system to judge the type of the priority control object, we adopt different control strategies, take the principle of absolute release to the emergency vehicles and EBRT, and determine the different control strategies for the BRT vehicles according to the current running state of each vehicle. The validity of the proposed method is verified by the imitation real object of Beijing line BRT1 line.
(4) a frequency control method based on the change of passenger flow is proposed. The passenger flow on the.BRT line is unequal in time and space, because the passenger flow is constantly changing, the passenger flow is relatively large at the peak period, and the passenger flow is relatively small at the peak period, however, the passenger flow of the same station at the same time is similar to the passenger flow at the same time, therefore, Through the historical passenger flow and current passenger traffic, we can predict the passenger traffic in the future period based on the RBF neural network model. Based on the predicted passenger traffic, the model can be built and the adaptive genetic algorithm is used to solve the model. The proposed method is verified by the real time data of Beijing line BRT1 line. Effectiveness and feasibility.
(5) the evaluation method of the BRT operation control system is put forward. First, the evaluation index system of the BRT operation control system is established, including the evaluation index system before completion and the evaluation index system after completion. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of the previous evaluation methods of various BRT systems are fully analyzed, and the two level fuzzy synthesis is adopted for the evaluation before the completion of the construction. The evaluation method is based on the grey entropy weight clustering method after the completion of the evaluation, and takes the line BRT1 of Ji'nan city and line 2 as the research object, and the selected methods are verified.
(6) summary and prospect. This part summarizes the research work and achievements in this paper, and points out the shortcomings of the present research, and looks forward to the next research work.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.17

【参考文献】