高速列车隧道内车外非定常流动特性数值模拟研究

发布时间：2018-05-23 12:55

本文选题：高速列车 + 隧道　；参考：《兰州交通大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：高速列车进隧道过程中，由于空气的可压缩性以及受到列车壁面和隧道壁面的空间限制，使得隧道内的空气流动有独特的规律和特点。列车在进入隧道时，会产生初始压缩波以及隧道内的压力波等典型空气动力学现象，，使车体结构及部件疲劳破坏，对司乘人员造成耳部的不适感，恶化乘车舒适性。随着高速列车运行速度的不断提高，隧道空气动力问题日益突出，因此有必要对其发生机理及特性进行研究，为进一步的减缓措施打下基础。本文基于旋成体简化列车模型，建立了高速列车进隧道数值模拟合理的计算区域划分方法。以旋成椭圆体简化列车模型为例，基于大涡模拟和雷诺时均模拟两种不同的数值模拟方法，建立适用的网格划分策略。采用有限体积方法的STAR-CD软件及其滑移网格技术，对列车进隧道过程车外非定常流场进行数值模拟。基于367.2km/h的旋成体列车模型，采用大涡数值模拟方法，研究初始压缩波、隧道内压力波、列车隧道内受力及力矩情况等典型隧道空气动力学问题。通过大涡模拟Smagorinsky亚格子模型、k ωSST高雷诺数模型和k ωSST低雷诺数模型三种不同湍流模型的数值模拟结果对比，研究不同湍流模型对隧道内压力波、车身典型位置的压力波动、列车隧道内受到的力及力矩的影响，并对三种不同湍流模型对车身周围流场结构的捕捉进行了对比分析。研究结果表明：本文所有模型都能较好地揭示隧道内列车周围非定常流场特性。通过对大涡模拟模型的计算结果分析发现列车在隧道内受到的空气阻力比明线上大，且变化剧烈。隧道内膨胀波和压缩波的传播对列车车体的压力、列车受到的力及力矩都产生强烈影响。通过不同湍流模型的结果对比分析发现，大涡模拟模型对列车车体的压力波动、列车整车的受力及力矩的计算结果较好，并能很好地捕捉到车身周围及车尾处的拟序结构。本文对列车模型进隧道过程进行了不同的数值模拟方法研究，本文的研究成果可对大涡数值模拟以在高速列车单车进隧道过程的正确应用提供有益参考，对复杂列车模型进隧道大涡模拟的研究奠定基础。
[Abstract]:In the process of high-speed train entering the tunnel, the compressibility of air and the space restriction of the train wall and tunnel wall make the air flow in the tunnel have unique rules and characteristics. When the train enters the tunnel, it will produce some typical aerodynamics phenomena such as initial compression wave and pressure wave in the tunnel, which will cause fatigue damage to the structure and parts of the car body, cause discomfort to the ear of the passengers, and worsen the ride comfort. With the increasing of the speed of high-speed train, the aerodynamic problem of tunnel is becoming more and more serious, so it is necessary to study the mechanism and characteristics of the tunnel aerodynamic system, so as to lay a foundation for further mitigation measures. Based on the simplified train model, a reasonable method for calculating the area of high-speed train entering tunnel is established in this paper. Taking the simplified train model of rotating ellipsoid as an example, a suitable mesh generation strategy is established based on two different numerical simulation methods: large eddy simulation and Reynolds time simulation. Using the STAR-CD software of finite volume method and slip grid technique, the unsteady flow field outside the train entering tunnel is numerically simulated. Based on the 367.2km/h model, the aerodynamic problems of a typical tunnel, such as initial compression wave, pressure wave in the tunnel, force and torque in the train tunnel, are studied by using the large eddy numerical simulation method. By comparing the numerical simulation results of three different turbulence models, the Smagorinsky sublattice model and the k 蠅 SST low Reynolds number model, the pressure fluctuations of different turbulence models on the pressure waves in the tunnel and the typical position of the body are studied. The influence of force and torque on the train tunnel is analyzed and the capture of the flow field around the body by three different turbulence models is compared and analyzed. The results show that all the models in this paper can well reveal the unsteady flow field around the train in the tunnel. By analyzing the results of large eddy simulation model, it is found that the air resistance of train in the tunnel is larger than that on the open line, and the variation is sharp. The propagation of the expansion and compression waves in the tunnel has a strong influence on the pressure of the train body and the force and torque of the train. By comparing and analyzing the results of different turbulence models, it is found that the pressure fluctuation of the train body by the large eddy simulation model, the calculation results of the force and torque of the whole train are better, and the quasi-sequence structure around the body and at the rear of the vehicle can be captured very well. In this paper, different numerical simulation methods of train model entering tunnel process are studied. The results of this paper can provide a useful reference for the numerical simulation of large eddy in the correct application of high-speed train single vehicle tunnel entry process. The research on the large eddy simulation of the complex train model into the tunnel has been laid a foundation.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U270.11;U451.3

【共引文献】