公路特殊隧道路段交通标志设计及其有效性评价研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 04:30

本文选题：公路交通安全 + 特殊隧道路段　；参考：《中南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：摘要：隧道路段是当今我国山区高速公路的常态,诸多安全问题也随之而来。据统计,隧道路段每百米交通事故数比普通路段要高出2以上。因此,公路隧道路段,尤其是特殊隧道路段的运营安全问题尤为突出。设计具有针对性和有效性的交通标志是解决此类路段安全问题的有效途径之一。为此,本文采用理论分析、现场调研等方法针对公路特殊隧道路段的交通标志设计及其有效性评价进行了研究。主要研究成果如下： (1)根据各自特点,将公路特殊隧道路段划分为长大隧道路段、连续隧道群路段、弯曲隧道路段、坡度隧道路段和桥隧相连路段5类。确定了各类公路特殊隧道路段在运营过程中的安全问题,并提出相应解决对策。 (2)从安全人机工程学原理出发,运用认知理论对交通标志的设计要素和设计原则进行解读。颜色不宜采用中间色,并需考虑其所表达的抽象概念,形状是从辨识度进行考虑的,图形符号和文字是从信息量进行考虑的,尺寸是从视认性进行考虑的。规范性符合“模板说”理论,形象性符合“特征说”理论,简约性符合信息传递理论,审美性符合激励理论。 (3)以湖南株洲某双向四车道高速公路为依托工程,将其划分为四个调研路段。采用未消除危险率对各路段的危险性进行了辨识分析,发现收集到的17个标志设施存在前置距离不合理、标志遮挡、标志设施间距过小、标志设施过少和缺乏道路状况警告标志等典型安全问题。 (4)对公路特殊隧道路段的交通标志设计进行了研究。以流程图形式提出了规范化标志设计程序。以此为基础,建立了基于驾驶员动态视野和人眼最小分辨率原理的标志位置设置计算方法,并对公路特殊隧道路段交通标志设置的前置距离、横向位置和悬挂高度的合理值进行了确定。 (5)从交通标志设计的三个环节出发,分析了影响公路特殊隧道路段交通标志有效性的各种因素,由此建立了标志有效性多级模糊综合评价系统。将其应用于依托工程路段,计算出各交通标志的有效性等级,并找出影响其有效性发挥的因素,为依托工程路段营运期安全整改提供了有益参考。 (6)从依托工程实际出发,设计了桥隧相连路段和弯曲隧道路段两种新的警告标志,并就其各自在依托工程现场的合理设置位置进行了确定。
[Abstract]:Abstract : The tunnel section is the normal state of highway in mountainous area of our country , and many safety problems follow . According to statistics , the traffic sign of highway tunnel section , especially the special tunnel section , is more than 2 . Therefore , the design of traffic signs with pertinence and effectiveness is one of the effective ways to solve the safety problem of such road sections .

( 1 ) According to their respective characteristics , the special tunnel section of the highway is divided into five categories : long tunnel section , continuous tunnel group section , curved tunnel section , slope tunnel section and bridge tunnel connecting section 5 . The safety problems in the operation process of special tunnel sections of various highways are determined , and corresponding solutions are proposed .

( 2 ) Based on the principle of safety man - machine engineering , the design factors and design principles of traffic signs are analyzed by using cognitive theory . The color is not suitable for the middle color , and the image symbols and characters are considered from the degree of visibility .

( 3 ) Based on a two - way four - lane expressway in Zhuzhou , Hunan Province , it is divided into four research sections . The risk of each section is identified and analyzed by the uneliminated risk ratio . It is found that the collected 17 signs are unreasonable in front distance , blocked by signs , too small in marking facilities , too little flag facilities and lack of road condition warning signs .

( 4 ) The design of traffic signs for road special tunnel sections is studied . The standard design procedure is put forward in the form of flow chart . Based on this , a method for setting the marker position based on the principle of driver ' s dynamic vision and minimum resolution of human eyes is established , and the reasonable values of the pre - distance , lateral position and suspension height of traffic signs in special tunnel sections of the highway are determined .

( 5 ) Based on the three links of traffic sign design , various factors that affect the validity of traffic signs in special tunnel sections of highway are analyzed , and the multi - level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation system is established .

( 6 ) Based on the engineering practice , two new warning signs of bridge - tunnel connecting section and curved tunnel section are designed , and the reasonable setting positions of each of them are determined on the basis of the project site .
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.52;U452

【参考文献】