非接触式激光地面不平度仪的设计

发布时间：2018-06-01 22:44

本文选题：路面不平度 + 激光三角测距　；参考：《南京农业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：路面不平度是造成车辆振动的主要因素,直接影响到汽车的动力总成及乘坐的舒适可靠性。其次路面不平度还是土壤风蚀情况、含水量情况、土壤与轮胎耦合研究的重要依据。不论在硬路面或软路面,研究路面不平度都有很大的意义。1990年以来,先进的激光路面平整度测试仪器克服原有装置存在的不足,广泛用于公路建设中。本文在设计非接触式激光地面不平度测量仪时借鉴公路路面不平度仪的发展,开发基于激光三角测距法的自动化地面不平度测量仪器,为后续研究及分析提供测量数据基础。论文首先分析了测量仪的测试原理,根据测试精度、控制、显示、数据存储等要求设计了地面不平度仪的总体设计方案。地面不平度仪是以用运动测试台为测试基础,以激光传感器及基于LabVIEW的信号采集为核心,基于PC机与单片机的通信虚拟控制为控制手段的自动化测试仪器。其次,论文对仪器的运动测试台架进行了分析。根据设计方案提出对机架的要求,包括重量、体积、运输、安装、调整、误差等,并进行选型及选材；设计传动方案,进行机架整体建模,确保方案可行性。针对运动台架控制箱部分,根据运动要求选择电机、驱动器及控制器,完成控制箱元器件接线并实现运动方案。再次,论文对仪器基于LabVIEW信号采集及虚拟控制部分设计进行阐述。根据设计要求编写采集界面VI及程序框图,完成采集信号的实时显示和储存。基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器控制界面设计部分核心内容是PC机与单片机的通信问题。在这部分内容中设计了PC机上软件LabVIEW中通信界面及程序框图设计、通信硬件电路设计、单片机通信程序编写等。针对设计好的控制界面文中详细介绍了各部分功能及使用方法。最后,进行了样机调试与测量实验。在加工完成测试仪后,进行样机的调试测量实验,检验测试准确度,为实现测试仪的有效测量及测试精准度提供后续保证。
[Abstract]:Road roughness is the main factor that causes vehicle vibration, which directly affects the power assembly and comfort reliability of the vehicle. Secondly, road roughness is also the important basis of soil wind erosion, water content, soil and tire coupling research. It is of great significance to study the roughness of road surface whether on hard or soft pavement. Since 1990, the advanced laser testing instrument has been widely used in highway construction because of overcoming the shortcomings of the original equipment. In this paper, an automatic ground roughness measuring instrument based on laser triangulation is developed for reference to the development of highway pavement roughness meter in the design of non-contact laser ground roughness measuring instrument, which provides the data basis for further research and analysis. Firstly, the testing principle of the measuring instrument is analyzed, and the overall design scheme of the ground roughness meter is designed according to the requirements of test precision, control, display, data storage and so on. The ground roughness meter is an automatic testing instrument based on motion test bench, laser sensor and signal acquisition based on LabVIEW, and communication virtual control based on PC and single chip microcomputer. Secondly, the paper analyzes the motion test bench of the instrument. According to the design scheme, the paper puts forward the requirements for the frame, including weight, volume, transportation, installation, adjustment, error, and so on, and carries on the selection and selection of materials, designs the transmission scheme, carries on the overall modeling of the frame, and ensures the feasibility of the scheme. According to the motion requirements, the motor, driver and controller are selected to connect the components of the control box and realize the motion scheme. Thirdly, the paper expatiates the design of instrument based on LabVIEW signal acquisition and virtual control. According to the design requirements, the acquisition interface VI and the program block diagram are written to complete the real-time display and storage of the acquisition signal. The communication between PC and MCU is the core of the control interface design of virtual instrument based on LabVIEW. In this part, the communication interface and program block diagram of PC software LabVIEW, the design of communication hardware circuit, the programming of MCU communication program and so on are designed. According to the designed control interface, the functions and usage methods of each part are introduced in detail. Finally, the prototype debugging and measurement experiments are carried out. After processing the tester, the prototype is debugged and measured, and the accuracy of the test is tested, which provides a follow-up guarantee for the effective measurement and precision of the tester.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U416.2

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