面向交叉口CA模型的社会复杂性形式化描述研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 21:44

本文选题：交通情景 + 形式化描述　；参考：《北京交通大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：城市交通拥堵已经成为困扰大中型城市发展的重要难题。长期以来,交通问题一直被视为工程类问题,大多是用系统工程的方法进行问题的分析与求解；研究往往分而治之,只考虑交通领域的某一个方面；提出的建议或措施缺乏系统的机理分析,更多时候仅仅考虑交通效率最大化的问题。随着交通问题形式的诸多呈现,交通系统是一个复杂的社会工程和人类活动系统的观点逐渐得到国内外学者的认同。城市交通问题是多种社会文化因素的共同作用结果,并且多数是以人的交通活动为中心的社会问题,具有较强的社会性、人文性和复杂性。本文从社会对于交通问题的诉求、常见交通情景和交通社会行为知识等现象层面入手,对城市交通(特别是道路交叉口)进行技术复杂性和社会复杂性两个层次的解析。基于软系统方法设计交通情景和交通社会行为知识的形式化描述模型,并以此概念模型为元胞自动机模拟的设计基础,将形式化描述的交通情景和交通社会行为知识转化为元胞自动机规则运用到模拟系统之中,验证与优化相应的交通情景,进一步优化交通系统的整体涌现状态。由于道路交叉口是城市交通问题的瓶颈,本文即以交叉口为主要研究对象,进行面向元胞自动机模拟的交通情景和交通社会行为知识的形式化描述及应用的研究。首先,本文从不同视角、不同层面解析城市交通的复杂性,即不仅具有工程型,还具有社会性；其次,基于软系统方法,创新性的提出SMART描述模型,进行交通情景形式化描述的模型设计,并以图片或组图为例,进行交通情景形式化描述的实例探究,为后续CA模拟提供初始状态与验证优化分析依据；然后,基于CA模型的理想模型、参与者特征模型和参与者交互模型三层架构对于不同交通社会行为知识的需求,分种类、分层次的进行其形式化的描述与组织,建立了范畴主题词表；最后,本文结合项目现有素材和实现目标,对具有社会复杂性及复杂知识的道路交叉口CA模拟进行概念模型和逻辑模型的设计,实现将交通情景和交通社会行为知识的形式化描述成果应用于CA模拟中的目的。
[Abstract]:Urban traffic congestion has become an important problem for the development of large and medium cities. For a long time, traffic problems have been regarded as engineering problems, most of which are analyzed and solved by the method of system engineering. The proposed suggestions or measures lack systematic mechanism analysis, and more often only consider the problem of maximizing traffic efficiency. With the emergence of many forms of traffic problems, the view that transportation system is a complex social engineering and human activity system has gradually been recognized by scholars at home and abroad. The urban traffic problem is the result of the common action of many kinds of social and cultural factors, and most of them are social problems centered on people's traffic activities, which have strong sociality, humanism and complexity. This paper begins with the demands of society for traffic problems, common traffic situations and knowledge of traffic social behavior, and analyzes the technical complexity and social complexity of urban traffic (especially road intersections). Based on soft system method, a formal description model of traffic situation and traffic social behavior knowledge is designed, and the conceptual model is used as the design basis of cellular automata simulation. The formal description of traffic scenarios and the knowledge of traffic social behavior are transformed into cellular automata rules to verify and optimize the corresponding traffic scenarios and further optimize the overall emerging state of traffic systems. Because road intersection is the bottleneck of urban traffic problem, this paper takes intersection as the main research object, and studies the formal description and application of traffic scene and traffic social behavior knowledge oriented to cellular automata simulation. First of all, this paper analyzes the complexity of urban traffic from different perspectives and different levels, that is, not only engineering, but also sociality. Secondly, based on the soft system approach, an innovative SMART description model is proposed. The model of formal description of traffic scenarios is designed, and the case study of formal description of traffic scenarios is carried out by taking pictures or group diagrams as an example, which provides the basis for initial state and verification optimization analysis for subsequent CA simulation. Based on the ideal model of CA model, the participant characteristic model and the participant interaction model, the needs of different traffic social behavior knowledge are described and organized according to different categories and levels, and the category topic lexicon is established. Finally, this paper designs the conceptual model and logical model of the road intersection CA simulation with social complexity and complex knowledge by combining the existing materials and the realization objectives of the project. The purpose of applying formal description of traffic scenarios and knowledge of traffic social behavior to CA simulation is realized.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491

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