高速公路尾随相撞事故及预防技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 19:51

本文选题：高速公路 + 尾随相撞　；参考：《长安大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近十多年来，我国高速公路快速发展。在高速公路给人们出行带来便利高效的同时，引发的交通安全问题也日益严重，特别是高速公路尾随相撞事故的发生，不仅给人们的生命财产带来了较大损失，同时给社会造成了较大的负面影响。在高速公路所发生的事故形态中，无论是事故次数、死亡人数、受伤人数、事故造成的经济损失，尾随相撞事故所占的比例均是最大的，，因此十分有必要对我国高速公路尾随相撞事故进行研究，以减少尾随相撞事故的发生，提高我国高速公路的安全水平与服务质量。在对浙江省高速公路典型路段尾随相撞事故统计分析的基础上，对尾随相撞事故特点、事故机理、影响因素等进行了深入探讨；从运动学的角度对汽车跟驰和制动的过程进行分析，建立了高速公路最小安全车距模型，提出了设计阶段基于运行速度的尾随相撞风险评估模型。在分析我国高速公路尾随相撞事故预防现状的基础上，宏观上提出了以驾驶人为重点的高速公路尾随相撞事故防治三道防线控制体系；微观上从人、车、路、气候条件、管理、法律法规建设等方面系统地提出了尾随相撞事故预防性对策措施，对最大限度的减少我国高速公路尾随相撞事故的发生具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:In the past ten years, the highway of our country develops rapidly. While the expressway brings convenience and efficiency to people's travel, the traffic safety problems are becoming more and more serious, especially the accident of the following collision, which not only brings great loss to people's life and property, but also brings great loss to people's life and property. At the same time to the society caused a greater negative impact. No matter the number of accidents, the number of deaths, the number of injuries, the economic losses caused by the accidents, and the proportion of trailing accidents are the largest in the form of accidents occurring on the highway. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the tail collision accident of expressway in our country, in order to reduce the occurrence of the tail collision accident. Based on the statistical analysis of the trailing collision accidents in typical sections of expressway in Zhejiang Province, the characteristics, mechanism and influencing factors of the trailing collision accidents are discussed. This paper analyzes the process of following and braking from the point of view of kinematics, establishes the model of minimum safe distance of freeway, and puts forward the risk assessment model of trailing collision based on running speed in the design stage. On the basis of analyzing the present situation of the prevention of the expressway trailing collision accident in our country, this paper puts forward the control system of the three lines of defense for the prevention and control of the expressway trailing collision accident, focusing on the driver, microscopically, from the person, the car, the road, the climate condition, the management. In the aspects of laws and regulations construction, the preventive countermeasures of the trailing collision accident are put forward systematically, which is of great significance to minimize the occurrence of the expressway trailing collision accident in our country.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.3

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