旋切式压实冰雪清除机理及仿形避障机构研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 12:10

本文选题：压实冰雪 + 冰雪特性　；参考：《佳木斯大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：未及时清除的降雪经过行人和车辆的反复碾压及反复融冻,形成具有一定厚度和硬度、内部含有杂质且与路面粘结牢固的压实冰雪。压实冰雪覆盖的路面,表面光滑,摩擦系数极低,给行人和车辆的安全通行造成不便,严重影响人们的日常生产和及生活。本文对道路压实冰雪的形成过程进行了分析,通过压实冰雪压缩特性测试,分析了压实冰雪在外力作用下发生断裂破坏过程中的应力-应变变化状态,为旋切式压实冰雪清除机理的研究提供了参考依据。基于莫尔库伦思想,建立了旋切式压实冰雪破坏准则。建立了压实冰雪切削试验台,完成了压实冰雪切削破坏试验,利用Design-Exper8.0软件对试验结果进行了分析,分析结果表明,除雪刀具的最佳参数为切削深度18mm、刀具安装角35°、后角13°~15°,同时验证了旋切式压实冰雪破坏准则的合理性。针对板状压实冰雪设计了旋切式钢刷、凹盘和轮齿除雪部件以及针对冰膜状压实冰雪设计了旋切式楔形除雪部件,并利用Pro/E软件分别对其进行三维建模。根据旋切式除雪要求,对除雪部件的运动状态及入雪条件进行分析,分析结果表明,除雪部件在正常除雪过程中的运动轨迹为余摆线。利用ADAMS软件对碎冰机构进行运动仿真,仿真结果与理论分析相吻合。分别对四种除雪部件进行压实冰雪清除试验。试验结果表明,旋切式钢刷、凹盘和轮齿除雪部件对于密度小于500kg/m3,厚度为30~50mm的板状压实冰雪切削、破碎、压溃效果较好。旋切式楔形除雪部件针对密度大于500kg/m3的冰膜状压实冰雪的切削、破碎、刮除效果较好。在除雪作业过程中,除雪样机运转良好,四种除雪部件除净率均高于90%,仿形效果好,除雪效率较高。针对旋切式楔形除雪部件,设计了旋切式仿形越障机构,并对其进行越障性能测试,试验结果表明,该越障机构可在不中断除雪机行驶或绕行的情况下使除雪部件顺利越过障碍,且对除雪部件和道路设施损坏较小。四种除雪部件的压实冰雪清除试验及仿形越障机构的越障性能测试为旋切式压实冰雪清除技术研究及除雪机械的研发提供了参考依据。
[Abstract]:The snow which has not been cleared in time has been crushed and thawed repeatedly by pedestrians and vehicles to form compacted ice and snow with certain thickness and hardness impurity inside and firm bond with road surface. The surface of road covered by ice and snow is smooth and the coefficient of friction is very low, which causes inconvenience to the safe passage of pedestrians and vehicles, and seriously affects the daily production and life of people. In this paper, the forming process of road compaction ice and snow is analyzed. By testing the compression characteristics of compacted ice and snow, the stress-strain variation state of compacted ice and snow during fracture failure under external force is analyzed. It provides a reference for the study of the mechanism of rotary compaction ice and snow removal. Based on Mohr-Coulomb 's thought, the damage criterion of rotary compaction ice and snow is established. The test bench of compacted ice and snow cutting was established, and the damage test of compacted ice and snow cutting was completed. The test results were analyzed by using Design-Exper8.0 software, and the results showed that, The optimum parameters of snow removal tool are cutting depth 18 mm, tool mounting angle 35 掳and rear angle 13 掳~ 15 掳. The rationality of the destruction criterion of rotary compaction ice and snow is verified. The rotary steel brush, concave disk and wheel tooth snow removal parts are designed for sheet compacted ice and snow, and the rotary wedge snow removal parts are designed for ice film compacted ice and snow. According to the requirements of rotary snow removal, the motion state and snow entry condition of snow removing parts are analyzed. The results show that the track of snow removing parts is a cosycloid in the normal snow removal process. The motion simulation of ice broken mechanism is carried out by Adams software, and the simulation results are in agreement with the theoretical analysis. Four kinds of snow removal parts were carried out compaction snow and ice removal test. The experimental results show that the rotary steel brush, concave disk and gear tooth snow removal parts have a good effect on sheet compaction ice and snow cutting with density less than 500kg / m ~ (3) and thickness of 30~50mm. The rotary wedge-shaped snow removal parts are good for cutting ice film compacted ice and snow with density greater than 500kg/m3. During the snow removal operation, the snow removing prototype works well, the net removal rate of the four snow removal parts is all higher than 90 parts, the copying effect is good, and the snow removal efficiency is high. Aiming at the rotary wedge snow removing parts, a rotary copying obstacle surmounting mechanism is designed, and its obstacle surmounting performance is tested. The experimental results show that, The mechanism can make the snow removal parts cross the obstacle without interrupting or detouring the snow remover, and the damage to the snow removal parts and road facilities is relatively small. The test of clearing ice and snow by compaction of four kinds of snow removing parts and the test of obstacle surmounting performance of copying mechanism provide a reference basis for the research of rotary compaction snow and ice removal technology and the research and development of snow removing machine.
【学位授予单位】：佳木斯大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U418.326

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