城市道路车辆换道行为特性研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 00:22

本文选题：城市道路 + 换道行为　；参考：《北京交通大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：摘要：道路车辆的车道变换行为是常见的交通现象,车道变换描述的是道路车辆因需要而变换车道的行驶行为。交通流状况在很大程度上受车辆的换道行为影响,尤其是在某些交通拥挤的路段。已有的研究结果对从行为和模型两个方面·的换道行为已有详尽描述,但目前换道行为对交通流的定量影响尚不明确。首先,本论文以大量城市路段车辆实际观测数据为基础,主要利用数理统计方法全面地分析车辆行驶行为特性及对交通流的影响。其次,针对城市车辆换道行为,对车辆车型、行驶速度、交通流量、车道密度、换道频率、车头时距和换道时间进行分析,确定其统计间隔与样本量,并分析样本误差。分析道路车辆交通特性,并对其进行数据有效性检验。最后,本文分析有无出入口路段车辆换道频率与交通流密度的调查数据,并量化换道行为对交通流密度的影响。针对强制换道和自由换道两种情况,分析车辆换道前原车道与换道完成后的目标车道的密度差与换道时间的关系。本文创新点在于,建立车辆在城市快速路上的换道行为与交通流宏观特性之间的对应关系,对实际道路上车辆换道情况进行观察和数据分析,得出每单位时间驾驶员期望换道流量与总流量的比值不仅与原车道密度和目标车道密度差值有关,而且与原车道阻塞密度与原车道密度的差值有关。通过交通流供需理论改进Laval. J.A的四参数模型,通过迭代得出城市道路车辆的换道频率与原车道和目标车道密度及流量之间的关系。通过实际调查数据标定模型,确定未知参数,用观测数据来进一步验证模型。用实际车辆换道频率数据与模型模拟车辆换道结果进行对比分析,来判断模型是否能够真实客观地反映路段交通的实际情况。该模型简化了计算车辆换道频率的流程,为交通流理论和道路交通管理提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:Absrtact: lane change behavior of road vehicles is a common traffic phenomenon. Traffic flow is largely affected by the changing of traffic, especially in some congested sections. The existing research results have described the behavior and model of the traffic flow in detail, but the quantitative effect of the behavior on the traffic flow is not clear. Firstly, based on a large number of actual observation data of vehicles in urban road sections, this paper mainly analyzes the characteristics of vehicle driving behavior and its influence on traffic flow by means of mathematical statistics. Secondly, according to the changing behavior of urban vehicles, the paper analyzes the vehicle type, speed, traffic flow, lane density, change frequency, headway distance and change time, determines the statistical interval and sample size, and analyzes the sample error. The traffic characteristics of road vehicles are analyzed, and the validity of the data is tested. Finally, the investigation data of the frequency and density of traffic flow are analyzed, and the influence of changing traffic behavior on the density of traffic flow is quantified. In this paper, the relationship between the density difference between the original lane and the target lane after the completion of the change of lane is analyzed in the case of forced and free change of the lane, and the relationship between the change time and the density difference of the original lane before and after the change of lane is analyzed. The innovation of this paper lies in the establishment of the corresponding relationship between the changing behavior of vehicles on the urban expressway and the macroscopic characteristics of the traffic flow, and the observation and data analysis of the actual vehicle changing on the road. It is concluded that the ratio of expected change flow to total flow per unit of time is related not only to the difference between the original lane density and the target lane density, but also to the difference between the original lane congestion density and the original lane density. To improve Lavalthrough the theory of supply and demand of traffic flow. The four-parameter model of J.A. is used to obtain the relationship between the changing frequency of urban road vehicle and the density and flow of the original lane and the target lane by iteration. Through the actual survey data calibration model, the unknown parameters are determined, and the model is further verified by the observation data. In order to judge whether the model can truly and objectively reflect the actual situation of road traffic, the data of actual vehicle change frequency are compared and analyzed with the result of simulation of vehicle change. The model simplifies the flow of calculating the frequency of vehicle change and provides theoretical basis for traffic flow theory and road traffic management.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.25

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