车流运行动态特性及其模型研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 03:52

本文选题：交通流 + 动态特性　；参考：《青岛理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前,交通问题已成为阻碍全球各城市发展的重要因素之一,如何有效解决交通问题已成为一项重要难题。交通流理论是解决交通问题的理论基础。交通流特性作为交通领域研究热点之一,其发展与应用对解决交通问题起着重要的现实意义。目前,国内外学者主要从微观和宏观两方面进行研究,并建立了多种交通流模型,为更加深层次的交通流特性研究奠定了基础。本文对城市快速路交通流运行特性进行分析,提出交通流态势的定义,并建立交通流运行动态特性下的微观和宏观模型；利用交通流态势分析系统进行数值模拟,验证了模型的合理性。论文首先以城市快速路为研究对象,提出交通流态势的概念,并从微观和宏观两方面分析城市快速路交通流运行的动态特性。微观方面主要对车头时距、车头间距和车速进行了分析；宏观方面主要对交通量、速度和密集度三参数进行数理统计分析,为构建交通流模型提供理论基础。其次,基于交通流守恒定律与平衡法则,研究不同道路交通场景下的交通流特性并建立微观交通流模型,通过数据的模拟验证了模型的有效性。随着ITS技术的发展以及交通流量的迅速增加,交通流中车辆的独立性越来越小,即随机性与不确定性变弱,规律性渐强,主要体现在交通流宏观方面。本文基于分子动力学理论,对交通流宏观运行特性进行分析；以车辆跟驰行为为基点,考虑车辆运行动态特性对宏观交通流的影响,导出速度-流量、流量-密度模型,并通过实际数据进行仿真验证。最后,通过建立交通流态势分析系统来获取实时的动态数据,分析系统获取不同信息的机理,为上述微观和宏观交通流运行动念模型提供数据支撑和技术支持。
[Abstract]:At present, the traffic problem has become one of the important factors that hinder the development of every city in the world, and how to solve the traffic problem effectively has become an important problem. Traffic flow theory is the theoretical basis for solving traffic problems. As one of the research hotspots in traffic field, the development and application of traffic flow characteristics play an important role in solving traffic problems. At present, scholars at home and abroad mainly from the micro and macro aspects of research, and established a variety of traffic flow models, for a deeper study of traffic flow characteristics laid the foundation. In this paper, the traffic flow characteristics of urban expressway are analyzed, the definition of traffic flow situation is put forward, and the micro and macro models of traffic flow dynamic characteristics are established, and the traffic flow situation analysis system is used to carry out numerical simulation. The rationality of the model is verified. Firstly, the concept of traffic flow situation is put forward, and the dynamic characteristics of urban expressway traffic flow are analyzed from micro and macro aspects. In the micro aspect, the time distance, the distance between the front and the vehicle speed are analyzed, and the three parameters of traffic volume, speed and density are analyzed in the macroscopic aspect, which provides the theoretical basis for the construction of the traffic flow model. Secondly, based on the conservation law of traffic flow and the law of balance, the characteristics of traffic flow in different road traffic scenarios are studied and the microscopic traffic flow model is established. The validity of the model is verified by the simulation of the data. With the development of its technology and the rapid increase of traffic flow, the independence of vehicles in traffic flow becomes less and less, that is, randomness and uncertainty become weaker and the regularity becomes stronger, which is mainly reflected in the macroscopic aspect of traffic flow. Based on the theory of molecular dynamics, this paper analyzes the macroscopic operation characteristics of traffic flow, taking the car-following behavior as the base point, considering the influence of the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle running on the macro-traffic flow, and deducing the velocity-flow, flow-density model. And through the actual data simulation verification. Finally, through the establishment of traffic flow situation analysis system to obtain real-time dynamic data, analyze the mechanism of the system to obtain different information, and provide data support and technical support for the microscopic and macro-traffic flow operation model mentioned above.
【学位授予单位】：青岛理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.112

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