基于生态位理论的通勤空间分布研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 05:06

本文选题：生态位 + 居住区位　；参考：《南京林业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年随着大都市城市郊区化迅速扩张，通勤时间、方向、工具都在发生深刻的变化：通勤距离和时间不断增加；职住空间格局的多样化导致通勤方向的多元化；不同阶层背景的居民通勤方式和成本方面差异明显。因此，准确把握居住空间以及通勤交通的分异趋势，对于提高通勤质量以及职住地周边生活及交通设施建设有着重要的参考价值。本研究将生态位及其相关理论引入城市通勤研究领域，该理论假定：在有限的住房资源环境下，居住需求相近的居民之间必然会产生激烈的竞争，最终导致居住空间分化，城市通勤特征变化。研究中首先通过生态位重叠及分离理论探讨了整体通勤交通方式的发展动力及变化趋势。研究发现随着私人交通工具的增多，尤其是小汽车和电动车的日益增加，使得传统的步行、自行车交通以及公共交通方式受到挤压。通过因子和聚类分析将通勤群体划分为四类，分析不同通勤群体的热点住区。并从居住生态位角度出发，研究不同通勤群体的居住空间布局，探讨居住区位优劣以及居民的迁居行为。由于居民自身属性及居住需求的不断变化最终促进不同人群的迁居行为，同时居住空间的分异特征也被逐步强化。居住区是通勤出行的主要发生源，通勤交通方式是通勤出行的载体，在此基础上研究不同通勤群体的通勤特征以及不同居住生态位住区的交通可达性状况，也即某住区居民通勤出行所采用的交通方式以及通勤时间、距离——通勤生态位。研究发现不同通勤群体中各类通勤方式有着不同的最佳通勤距离。此外，，通勤生态位与通勤势（职住空间交通环境对居民通勤活动的适宜程度）空间分布基本一致，能很好的反应通勤交通可达性的优劣程度。通勤态（居民的住区特征及其分布状况）则不同程度的强化或者弱化不同住区的通勤生态位。通过居住空间布局、通勤方式的发展趋势与城市通勤出行之间的互动关系，探讨了居民根据自身特性及需求不断权衡住房费用及通勤费用，选择合适的居住区域以及相应的通勤方式，最终形成特定通勤空间分布。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid expansion of the suburbanization of metropolitan cities, the commuting time, direction and tools are all undergoing profound changes: the distance and time of commuting are increasing, the diversity of the spatial pattern of occupation and residence leads to the diversification of commuting direction; There are significant differences in commuting mode and cost among residents from different social strata. Therefore, it is of great reference value for improving the quality of commuting and the surrounding life and transportation facilities to grasp the differentiation trend of living space and commuting transportation. In this study, niche and its related theories are introduced into the field of urban commuting, which assumes that under the limited housing resources environment, there will inevitably be fierce competition among residents with similar housing needs, which will eventually lead to the differentiation of living space. Changes in urban commuting characteristics. Firstly, the development power and trend of the whole commuting mode are discussed by niche overlap and separation theory. The study found that with the increasing number of private vehicles, especially cars and electric vehicles, the traditional ways of walking, cycling and public transportation have been squeezed. The commuting groups are divided into four categories by factor and cluster analysis, and the hot residential areas of different commuting groups are analyzed. From the perspective of living niche, this paper studies the residential space layout of different commuting groups, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of residential areas and the residents' relocation behavior. Because of the continuous change of the residents' own property and living demand, the moving behavior of different people will be promoted, and the differentiation of living space will be strengthened step by step. The residential area is the main source of commuting, and commuting mode is the carrier of commuting. On this basis, the commuting characteristics of different commuting groups and the traffic accessibility of different living niche settlements are studied. That is, the commuting mode and commuting time, distance-commuting niche. It is found that different commuting modes have different best commuting distance among different commuting groups. In addition, the spatial distribution of commuting niche is basically consistent with that of commuting potential (the suitable degree of traffic environment for residents' commuting activities), which can well reflect the advantages and disadvantages of commuting transportation accessibility. Commuting (residential characteristics and distribution) strengthens or weakens the commuting niche in different settlements. Through the interactive relationship between the residential space layout, the development trend of commuting mode and the urban commuting trip, this paper discusses the residents' constant tradeoff between housing costs and commuting expenses according to their own characteristics and needs. Select the appropriate living area and the corresponding commuting mode, and finally form a specific commuting space distribution.
【学位授予单位】：南京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491

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