一种非接触式路面气象传感技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 23:21

  本文选题：路面状态 + 调制解调　； 参考：《中国科学院研究生院（西安光学精密机械研究所）》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前我国高速公路处在高速的发展阶段，但是积水、结冰、积雪等恶劣的路面气象状态造成了许多的交通事故。目前国内的高速公路表面气象监测大部分还是处于人工不间断巡逻阶段。不仅实时性比较差，，也浪费了大量的人力物力。这主要是因为国内在道路表面气象监测方面，还没有研发出一种简单实用非接触式的仪器。同时国外进口产品又比较的昂贵，难以大规模的普及应用。本文课题依靠交通运输部十一五重大专项“基于物联网的公路网运行状态监测和效率提升技术研究”中的子项目“公路交通气象环境路面状况监测设备研制”，研制一种廉价、实用的非接触式路面气象传感设备。 本文研究了一种非接触式路面气象传感设备，采用了双波长耦合测量的方法。解决了传感器研制过程中几项关键技术,可以分辨以下四种路面状态:干燥、积水、结冰和积雪。研制出了设备样机以及六套成品，已经在重庆G50石柱-忠县高速公路示范段进行了长达一年的野外实地测试。为了获得比较高的探测准确度和稳定性，本文开展了以下工作： 1、路面气象探测的原理分析。建立了路面气象状况的理论模型，运用几何光学的方法，解释了散射光功率的空间分布与不同路面气象状态之间的关系。并且提出了双波长测量的方法，可以有效的区分路面的气象状态。 2、激光器的调制和PID温度控制。为了保证接收到的光信号不受阳光的影响，对激光器进行了频率调制隔离直流分量。同时对光电探测器进行了PID温度控制,在-10-30℃的外界环境中，可以使探测器的工作温度稳定在25℃。保证了传感设备的稳定性。 3、微弱信号的前置放大和锁相放大技术。对接收到的微弱光信号进行低噪声前置放大，同时通过锁相解调手段得到了路面反射光信号。 通过以上各种手段，研制出了一种非接触式的路面气象传感设备，经过野外实地长时间测试，准确率达到了设计要求。
[Abstract]:At present, the highway in our country is in the high speed development stage, but many traffic accidents are caused by the bad weather conditions such as stagnant water, ice, snow and so on. At present, most of the surface meteorological monitoring of freeway is still in the stage of uninterrupted patrol. Not only poor real-time, but also wasted a lot of manpower and material resources. This is mainly due to the lack of a simple and practical non-contact instrument for road surface meteorological monitoring in China. At the same time, foreign imports are more expensive, difficult to be widely used on a large scale. In this paper, we rely on the sub-project of "Research on the condition Monitoring and efficiency improvement of Highway Network based on Internet of things", which is one of the important projects of the 11th Five-Year Plan of the Ministry of Communications and Transport, "the development of highway traffic meteorological environment pavement condition monitoring equipment", and the development of a cheap one. Practical non-contact weather sensing equipment for pavement. In this paper, a non-contact weather sensor for pavement is studied, and the dual-wavelength coupling measurement method is used. Several key technologies in sensor development are solved to distinguish the following four road states: dry, stagnant, frozen and snow-covered. A prototype of the equipment and six sets of finished products have been developed and tested in the demonstration section of Chongqing G50 Shizhu-Zhongxian Expressway for up to one year. In order to obtain high detection accuracy and stability, the following work has been carried out: 1. The theoretical model of pavement meteorological conditions is established and the relationship between the spatial distribution of scattered light power and different pavement meteorological states is explained by means of geometric optics. A dual wavelength measurement method is proposed, which can effectively distinguish the meteorological state of road surface. 2. The modulation of laser and pid temperature control. In order to ensure that the received optical signal is not affected by sunlight, the frequency modulation of the laser is used to isolate the DC component. At the same time, the temperature of the photodetector is controlled by pid. The operating temperature of the detector can be stabilized at 25 鈩

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