隧道突涌水灾害区域性动态风险评估与预测预警及工程应用

发布时间：2018-06-22 06:57

本文选题：突涌水灾害 + 动态风险评价　；参考：《山东大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着国家战略中基础设施建设向西部纵深发展,岩溶是隧道修建过程中出现最频繁、危害最大的不良地质,往往孕育着突水突泥灾害的发生,突水突泥灾害造成了巨大的人员伤亡与财产损失,给隧道的施工期与运营期都带来灾难性的挑战。由于其具有突发性、难预测性等特点,研究突水突泥灾害预测预警方法是防治突水突泥灾害的最有效方法。(1)首先根据地质及构造将隧道进行区段划分,基于每一区段的资料信息选取最为适宜的风险评估方法进行突水突泥灾害风险评价。总结分析了层次分析法、模糊综合评价法、属性综合评价法、可拓理论等四种最常用的风险评价方法,并研究了每一种风险评价方法的适用条件,为区段风险评价方法的选取提供了标准。(2)隧道突涌水灾害破坏模式分为隔水岩体破裂失稳与隔水岩体渗透失稳两种。大量研究表明突水突泥灾害发生前常常伴随着一些较为明显的物理场与地质场前兆信息。位移、渗压、应力、应变等物理场前兆信息和地质场作为隧道突水突泥灾害前兆信息预警的指标。不同的破坏模式多源前兆信息的重要度也不同,根据不同的破坏模式设计科学地元件布设方案。(3)针对风险评价结果为高风险的区段,搭建基于物联网的隧道突水突泥灾害远程智能监测系统。建立位移、水压、应力、应变等传感器网络与高清摄像仪组成的前端采集系统进行突涌水灾害多源异构前兆信息的实时采集,MCU采集节点、无线中继、远程基站等组成的远程无线传输系统实时将采集到的前兆信息上传到预警分析云平台,从而实现了无线远程实时传输,为突涌水灾害实时预警提供了现场技术保障。(4)建立了隧道突涌水灾害预警临灾辨识理论,对位移、渗压、应力、应变等前兆信息预警指标进行单指标四色预警等级划分,然后对多指标进行综合预警等级划分。最后,将风险评价等级与多源异构前兆信息预警等级进行耦合,确定突涌水灾害的预警级别。(5)基于C#编程语言研发了隧道突水突泥灾害多源前兆信息分析预警软件。设计了系统管理、项目管理、实时监测、预警设置、数据管理等模块。基于B/S架构设计,实现了云平台与隧道突涌水灾害远程智能监测系统的对接,从而实现突涌水前兆信息的实施实时显示与分析；在预警设置模块嵌入突涌水灾害临灾辨识预警阀值,当监测数据达到预警等级就会预警,并提示相应的预警等级。(6)依托四川省成兰铁路某隧道下穿河段,开展隧道突水突泥灾害远程智能监控及实时预警系统现场试验,对研究突水灾害预测预警和指导现场施工方面起到了显著的作用。
[Abstract]:With the development of infrastructure construction to the West in the national strategy, karst is the most frequent and most harmful geological hazard in the process of tunnel construction, which often gives birth to the occurrence of water inrush and mud process, and the water inrush and mud disaster caused huge casualties and property losses, which bring disaster to the construction period and the operation period of the tunnel. Because of its characteristics of sudden and difficult predictability, it is the most effective method to study the prediction and early warning method of water inrush and mud abrupt disaster. (1) firstly, the section division of tunnel is divided according to geology and structure, and the most suitable risk assessment method based on the data information of each section is selected to carry out the risk of water inrush. Four kinds of most commonly used risk assessment methods such as analytic hierarchy process, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, attribute comprehensive evaluation method, extension theory and so on are summarized and analyzed, and the applicable conditions of each risk evaluation method are studied. (2) the failure mode of tunnel inrush water disaster is divided into broken rock mass breaking. There are two kinds of instability and seepage instability of the rock mass. A large number of studies show that the precursory information of physical field and geological field is often accompanied by some obvious physical field and geological precursory information before the occurrence of water inrush, and the precursory information and geological field of displacement, seepage pressure, stress, strain and other physical fields are used as the indicators for warning of the precursor information of the tunnel water inrush and mud disaster. The importance of multi source precursor information is different, and the design of scientific component layout scheme is designed according to different failure modes. (3) to build a remote intelligent monitoring system for water inrush in tunnel based on the Internet of things, set up the sensor network of displacement, water pressure, stress, strain and other sensor networks and high-definition camera group. The front-end acquisition system makes real-time acquisition of multi source heterogeneous precursory information of inrush water disaster. The remote wireless transmission system, such as MCU acquisition node, wireless relay, remote base station and so on, uploads the collected precursory information to the early warning analysis platform in real time, thus realizing wireless remote real-time transmission and real-time warning for inrush water disaster. (4) the theory of early warning of flood early warning of tunnel inrush is set up, a single index four color warning grade is divided on the precursor information early warning index of displacement, seepage pressure, stress, strain and so on, and then the comprehensive warning grade is divided into multiple indexes. Finally, the risk evaluation grade and the multi-source heterogeneous precursor information early-warning grade are graded. The early warning level of water gushing water disaster is determined by line coupling. (5) based on C# programming language, the multi source precursor information analysis and warning software for tunnel water inrush is developed. The modules of system management, project management, real-time monitoring, early warning setting and data management are designed. Based on B/S architecture, the remote intelligence of cloud platform and tunnel flooding disaster is realized. In order to realize the real-time display and analysis of the precursory information of the inrush water, the warning threshold is embedded in the early warning setting module, and the warning level will be predicted when the monitoring data is reached to the early warning level. (6) relying on the river section of a tunnel under the Chenglan Railway in Sichuan Province, the tunnel process is carried out. The remote intelligent monitoring of water inrush and the field test of real time early-warning system have played a significant role in studying the prediction and early warning of water inrush disaster and guiding the field construction.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U456.33

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