基于GIS和遗传算法的公路路线优化研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 05:19

本文选题：道路选线 + 地理信息系统　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在高速公路稳步建设背景下，研究公路路线设计自动化优化关键技术。公路是一条有规则的空间曲线，在位置、形状、尺寸、经济、环境等方面都有特殊的要求。在传统的选线工作中，根据经验确定备选方案，再对这些备选方案进行比选，选出相对最佳方案。这种方法有着相对的主观性和不科学性。这是我们着力要解决的问题。随着计算机科学的日新月异，道路选线工作越来越趋向于自动化和智能化，因此在地理信息系统（GIS）和遗传算法理论的支持下，寻求更便捷更准确的公路选线方法，使公路选线方法更加科学合理。对道路选线设计的基本理论进行了分析，论证了公路全社会成本的影响指标和确定了地质、地物、高程、坡度为公路选线的具体因素。并通过层次分析法计算出了四种选线因素的权重。通过地理信息系统导入了不同来源的地理数据，制作了四种因素的单因素费用地图，并结合权重制作了道路选线综合费用地图。利用起终点的坐标和道路选线综合费用地图进行了成本路径分析和道路廊道分析，并用海地软件截取道路走廊带的数字高程模型，以便进一步优化。引入了基于大自然优胜劣汰原则的遗传算法，研究了基于遗传算法和道路走廊带数字高程模型的路线进一步优化的方法。对路线优化总体模型进行了不产生回头曲线、没有线型不连续等情况的假设。把平面优化模型简化为交点优化，把纵断面优化模型简化为变坡点寻优搜索，并暂时不考虑横断面、加宽等方面。再确定平纵线形要素生成方法和逐桩坐标计算方法，为遗传算法优化的实现打下基础。在构建的模型和遗传算法基础上，采用MATLAB平台编制优化程序，保证每一次迭代都保存路线信息、目标函数值等信息，，产生n代群体后，从中选择最优路径。
[Abstract]:Under the background of steady highway construction, the key technology of automatic optimization of highway route design is studied. Highway is a regular space curve, which has special requirements in position, shape, size, economy, environment and so on. In the traditional route selection work, according to the experience to determine the options, and then to compare these options to select the relative best scheme. This method is relatively subjective and unscientific. This is the problem we are trying to solve. With the rapid development of computer science, road route selection tends to be more and more automatic and intelligent. Therefore, with the support of geographic information system (GIS) and genetic algorithm theory, we seek a more convenient and accurate road route selection method. The method of highway route selection is more scientific and reasonable. In this paper, the basic theory of road route selection design is analyzed, and the influence index of the whole social cost of highway and the concrete factors of highway route selection are confirmed, such as geology, ground object, elevation and slope. And through the analytic hierarchy process to calculate the weight of four kinds of line selection factors. This paper introduces geographic data from different sources through GIS, makes single factor cost map of four factors, and makes comprehensive cost map of road route selection combined with weight. The cost path analysis and the road corridor analysis are carried out by using the coordinates of the starting end point and the comprehensive cost map of the road route selection. The digital elevation model of the road corridor belt is intercepted by the Haitian software for further optimization. The genetic algorithm based on the principle of natural survival of the fittest is introduced, and the route optimization method based on genetic algorithm and road corridor digital elevation model is studied. The general model of route optimization is assumed to have no back curve and no linear discontinuity. The plane optimization model is simplified as intersection optimization, and the longitudinal section optimization model is simplified as variable slope point search, and the cross-section and widening are not considered for the time being. Then, the method of generating horizontal and vertical line elements and the method of calculating the coordinate of pile by pile are determined, which lays the foundation for the realization of genetic algorithm optimization. On the basis of the constructed model and genetic algorithm, MATLAB platform is used to compile the optimization program to ensure that every iteration preserves the information such as route information, objective function value and so on. After the n-generation population is generated, the optimal path is chosen from it.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U412.3

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