考虑支座摩擦滑移的中小跨径桥梁抗震设计方法

发布时间：2018-07-14 10:40

【摘要】：通过对比中国、美国、日本中小跨径桥梁结构体系,分析中国汶川地震和美国北岭地震、日本阪神地震中桥梁震害的差异以及中国汶川地震中桥墩破坏率较低的原因,发现美国加州桥梁结构形式主要是框架式桥墩,日本桥梁采用钢支座为主的支承体系,而中国中小跨径桥梁主要采用板式橡胶支座,中国公路桥梁抗震设计中直接引用国外抗震规范存在问题;结合板式橡胶支座与铅芯橡胶支座、高阻尼橡胶支座和摩擦摆支座地震作用下耗能特点的不同,提出中国广泛采用板式橡胶支座的中小跨径桥梁,在抗震设计时支座可作为保险丝式单元优先损坏;参考美日两国的桥梁抗震设计方法,给出了中国中小跨径桥梁考虑支座摩擦滑移的抗震设计方法,建议中国中小跨径桥梁地震作用下利用板式橡胶支座摩擦耗能的特点,通过支座摩擦滑移、最小支承长度和防落梁装置,实现桥梁多道设防、分级耗能的抗震性能设计方法;最后给出了地震作用下桥梁纵桥向和横桥向相应的性能破坏模式,并探讨了需要进一步研究的问题。
[Abstract]:By comparing the bridge structure systems between China, the United States and Japan, this paper analyzes the difference of bridge damage caused by the Wenchuan earthquake in China, the North Ridge earthquake in the United States and the Hanshin earthquake in Japan, and the reasons for the low damage rate of bridge piers in the Wenchuan earthquake in China. It is found that the bridge structure in California is mainly framed pier, the steel bearing system is used in Japanese bridge, and the plate rubber bearing is used in middle and small span bridge in China. In the seismic design of highway bridges in China, there are some problems in quoting the foreign seismic codes directly, and the difference of energy consumption between plate rubber bearing and lead rubber bearing, high damping rubber bearing and friction pendulum bearing under earthquake action is discussed. It is put forward that the medium and small span bridges with plate rubber bearings are widely used in China, and the supports can be used as fuse element in the seismic design of the bridges, and refer to the aseismic design methods of the bridges in the United States and Japan. The aseismic design method of Chinese medium and small span bridges considering bearing friction slip is presented. It is suggested that the friction energy dissipation characteristics of plate rubber bearing should be used under the earthquake action of Chinese medium and small span bridges. The design method of seismic performance of multi-channel fortification and graded energy dissipation is realized by using minimum support length and anti-falling beam device. Finally, the corresponding performance failure modes of longitudinal and transverse bridges under earthquake are given. The problems that need further study are also discussed.
【作者单位】：交通运输部公路科学研究院;东南大学交通学院;
【基金】：科技部国际科技合作项目(2009DFA82480) 交通运输部西部交通建设科技项目(2009318223094) 交通运输部公路工程行业标准项目(JTG-C-201012)
【分类号】：U442.55

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