疲劳驾驶对驾驶行为的影响及判别方法研究

发布时间：2018-08-01 10:01

【摘要】：大量的事故分析结果表明，疲劳驾驶是导致重特大交通事故的主要因素之一。因此，如何实时的判别疲劳驾驶，有效地防止疲劳驾驶造成的交通事故，对于提高道路交通安全具有非常重大的意义。首先，本文在分析国内外研究现状的基础上，重点介绍疲劳驾驶的形成原因、影响因素以及疲劳驾驶和驾驶员驾驶行为的关系。根据疲劳驾驶状态下驾驶员的驾驶行为特征提出了基于驾驶行为的疲劳驾驶判别方法。其次，基于驾驶模拟综合实验平台，合理设计实验进行数据采集。文中重点说明了实验的方案设计及数据采集，，详细阐述了实验中对于影响因素的控制方法。通过实验获得了驾驶员在不同状态下的主观特征、驾驶适应性数据以及驾驶行为数据等基础数据。再次，通过疲劳驾驶的主观特征和驾驶适应性特征两个方面进行分析，研究疲劳驾驶影响机理，选取检测驾驶疲劳的驾驶行为指标。对主观特征进行了分布特征分析，说明驾驶员各方面的主观变化特征；运用重复测量方差分析和logistic回归分析对驾驶适应性指标特征进行了研究，说明了疲劳驾驶影响驾驶员的基本机理。研究表明，疲劳驾驶时，驾驶员驾驶态度谨慎，但反应能力、认知能力以及操作能力受到严重影响。基于此，从车辆的运行状态和驾驶员操作行为两方面的特征探讨了疲劳驾驶行为特征指标的选取。最后，分析了疲劳驾驶状态下的驾驶行为特征。主要运用统计分析方法对驾驶员在正常以及疲劳驾驶状态的驾驶行为数据进行了对比分析。对驾驶行为指标，即速度、方向盘操作和车辆横向位置特征进行分析，分析中同时考虑不同道路条件的影响。通过研究明确了疲劳驾驶时车速偏高，且车辆横、纵向运行稳定性下降的特征，而且说明了疲劳对驾驶行为的影响与道路条件相关。通过影响分析研究，提取了受疲劳状态显著影响的多种驾驶行为指标，并基于这些驾驶行为指标，探索了不同道路线型下基于ROC曲线方法的疲劳驾驶状态判别方法。同时，对自主开发的基于驾驶行为的危险驾驶行为检测及预警系统软件进行了简介，说明了对疲劳驾驶识别预警的基本功能，并进行了系统的有效性验证。本次研究主要从驾驶行为特征研究出发，通过对疲劳驾驶影响机理分析以及对驾驶行为与疲劳驾驶状态的关系研究，提出了一种基于驾驶行为指标在不同道路线形下判别疲劳驾驶的方法，并开发了可应用于车载的疲劳驾驶检测和预警系统软件。对于疲劳驾驶等危险驾驶行为的检测和预警研究具有积极的推动作用。
[Abstract]:A large number of accident analysis results show that fatigue driving is one of the main factors leading to serious traffic accidents. Therefore, how to distinguish fatigue driving in real time and effectively prevent traffic accidents caused by fatigue driving is of great significance to improve road traffic safety. First of all, based on the analysis of the current research situation at home and abroad, this paper focuses on the formation of fatigue driving, influencing factors and the relationship between fatigue driving and driver behavior. According to the characteristics of driver's driving behavior in the state of fatigue driving, a method of discriminating fatigue driving based on driving behavior is proposed. Secondly, based on the driving simulation platform, the experiment is designed to collect data. In this paper, the scheme design and data acquisition of the experiment are described in detail, and the control methods of the influencing factors in the experiment are described in detail. The basic data of driver's subjective characteristics, driving adaptability data and driving behavior data were obtained by experiments. Thirdly, through the analysis of subjective characteristics and driving adaptability characteristics of fatigue driving, the influence mechanism of fatigue driving is studied, and the driving behavior index is selected to detect driving fatigue. The distribution characteristics of subjective features are analyzed to illustrate the subjective characteristics of drivers in all aspects, and the characteristics of driving adaptability index are studied by repeated measurement variance analysis and logistic regression analysis. The basic mechanism of fatigue driving affecting driver is explained. The results show that the driver's attitude is cautious, but the ability of reaction, cognition and operation are seriously affected. Based on this, the selection of fatigue driving behavior characteristic index is discussed from two aspects of vehicle running state and driver operation behavior. Finally, the characteristics of driving behavior under fatigue driving condition are analyzed. The statistical analysis method is used to compare the driving behavior data of drivers in normal and fatigue driving states. The characteristics of driving behavior, that is, speed, steering wheel operation and vehicle lateral position, are analyzed, and the influence of different road conditions is considered in the analysis. The characteristics of the high speed and the decrease of the lateral and longitudinal running stability of the vehicle during fatigue driving are clarified, and the influence of fatigue on driving behavior is related to the road conditions. Based on the influence analysis, a variety of driving behavior indexes which are significantly affected by fatigue state are extracted, and based on these driving behavior indexes, the fatigue driving state discrimination method based on ROC curve method under different road alignment is explored. At the same time, the self-developed software of dangerous driving behavior detection and warning system based on driving behavior is introduced, the basic function of fatigue driving identification and warning system is explained, and the validity of the system is verified. Based on the study of the characteristics of driving behavior, the influence mechanism of fatigue driving and the relationship between driving behavior and fatigue driving state are analyzed in this study. This paper presents a method to distinguish fatigue driving under different road alignment based on driving behavior index, and develops a fatigue driving detection and early warning system software which can be applied to vehicle. The research on the detection and early warning of dangerous driving behaviors such as fatigue driving plays an active role.
【学位授予单位】：北京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.254

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