WebGL三维桥梁动态仿真关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-08-01 16:03

【摘要】：随着我国交通建设的迅猛发展，新桥梁建设与旧桥梁运营管理都面临着更艰巨的挑战，桥梁健康监测管理系统作为保障桥梁结构运营安全的重要手段被广泛的运用。但是，桥梁检测如何在新兴技术的发展和推动下，更准确的识别桥梁损伤，，并以科学、直观的方式分析和预警，实现桥梁运营管理的标准化、自动化、网络化和可视化已成为国内外学术界的热点与难点。本文深入研究了国内外桥梁健康监测与三维可视化技术的发展趋势，提出以WebGL、HTML5等前沿技术结合实际桥梁结构特点与运营管理需求，重点设计与开发了基于Web的桥梁健康监测可视化系统，实现了监测数据在Web上的高效、直观的呈现及预警分析，具有用户体验好、开发成本低、平台通用性强等优势。本文的主要研究工作与创新点概述如下：第一，详细阐述了桥梁检测管理系统的发展趋势，深入探索WebGL技术的三维GPU绘制原理、跨平台开放性及其技术框架生态，并评测出最适宜于Web桥梁3D可视化实现的开发框架。第二，结合相关技术框架，针对于实际桥梁检测管理的实际需求与目标，设计出桥梁健康监测视景仿真系统构架、模块功能、用户接口的最优方案。第三，研究了基于WebGL的桥梁健康监测可视化系统的关键开发技术与实现。首先，结合桥梁实际结构与环境特点，利用3D MAX设计具有真实感的桥梁场景，并对场景模型优化，以便更利于Web环境的桥梁场景渲染和实现。然后，利用WebGL Three.js框架将桥梁场景在Web环境中重构渲染，着色优化。并根据Three.js框架动画及交互原理，实现了桥梁视景的漫游，及桥梁模型交互控制，为进一步实现监测预警，病害查询打下基础。最后，提出了利用LOD技术对大型桥梁场景的高效优化方案，进一步提升了系统的效率和可用性。第四，以襄阳江汉三桥为例，概况的介绍了桥梁的结构状况，并结合本文的设计方案与技术原理将系统成功实践验证，总体达到了直观标记、分析数据的效果。最后，分析和总结了本文的主要工作及未来工作的方向。在系统的进一步优化后，将会有广阔的应用前景，并对于桥梁检测可视化的研究具有一定的参考价值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the traffic construction in our country, the new bridge construction and the old bridge operation management are faced with more arduous challenges. The bridge health monitoring management system is widely used as an important means to ensure the bridge structure operation safety. However, with the development and promotion of new technology, bridge detection can identify bridge damage more accurately, analyze and warn in a scientific and intuitive way, and realize the standardization and automation of bridge operation management. Networking and visualization have become hot and difficult in academic circles at home and abroad. In this paper, the development trend of bridge health monitoring and 3D visualization technology at home and abroad is deeply studied, and the advanced technologies such as WebGL / HTML5 are proposed to combine with the actual bridge structure characteristics and operational management requirements. The visual system of bridge health monitoring based on Web is designed and developed, which realizes the high efficiency, visual presentation and early warning analysis of monitoring data on Web. It has the advantages of good user experience, low development cost and strong universality of platform. The main research work and innovation of this paper are summarized as follows: first, the development trend of bridge inspection and management system is described in detail, and the principle of 3D GPU drawing of WebGL technology, the openness of cross-platform and the ecology of its technical framework are deeply explored. The development framework for 3D visualization of Web bridge is also evaluated. Secondly, according to the actual needs and objectives of bridge detection and management, the optimal scheme of bridge health monitoring visual simulation system architecture, module function and user interface is designed according to the related technical framework. Thirdly, the key development technology and implementation of bridge health monitoring visualization system based on WebGL are studied. Firstly, according to the actual structure and environmental characteristics of the bridge, a realistic bridge scene is designed by using 3D MAX, and the scene model is optimized to facilitate the bridge scene rendering and implementation in the Web environment. Then, the bridge scene is reconstructed and rendered in Web environment using WebGL Three.js framework, and the coloring is optimized. According to the animation and interaction principle of Three.js frame, the roaming of bridge scene and the interactive control of bridge model are realized, which lays the foundation for further realization of monitoring and warning and disease query. Finally, an efficient optimization scheme for large bridge scenarios using LOD technology is proposed, which further improves the efficiency and availability of the system. Fourthly, taking Xiangyang Jianghan No.3 Bridge as an example, the paper introduces the structure of the bridge, and verifies the system successfully by combining the design scheme and the technical principle of this paper, and generally achieves the visual mark and analyzes the effect of data. Finally, the main work and future work of this paper are analyzed and summarized. After the further optimization of the system, it will have a broad application prospect, and it has a certain reference value for the research of bridge detection visualization.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U446;TP391.9

【参考文献】