农村公路客运车辆行驶稳定性及驾驶人视觉和生理特性研究

发布时间：2018-08-16 19:58

【摘要】：随着国民经济的快速发展，我国道路运输业的发展速度逐年提升，农村公路的通车里程也随之增加，农村客运进入快速发展时期。然而，由于农村公路等级较低、道路条件较差，农村客运所使用的车辆车况较差、驾驶人驾驶技术良莠不齐等原因，农村公路客运车辆的交通事故屡有发生，给农村人民的生命安全和经济发展带来了严峻影响。为此，本文对农村公路上的客运车辆行驶稳定性以及驾驶人视觉和生理特性进行了研究，主要研究工作及成果如下：（1）从道路线形组成、设计车速、道路等级、道路超高等方面对农村公路的特征进行了研究，确定了车辆行驶载体的基本特征。（2）设计了车辆运行参数以及驾驶人数据的实车采集试验。试验路线选择吉林省通化市和白山市的两条典型农村公路，所选路段包括较多的平曲线路段，且沿途经过多个村庄；试验车辆选择全顺高顶19座客车；被试人员分为熟练男性、不熟练男性、熟练女性和不熟练女性四类驾驶人。使用VBOX和摄像机采集车辆运行参数、车辆行驶轨迹和交通环境信息；利用FaceLAB采集驾驶人眼动数据；利用Captiv采集驾驶人生理数据。（3）利用试验采集到的车辆行驶轨迹数据，对车辆在平曲线路段的行驶轨迹特征进行了分析，得到平曲线路段上的车辆行驶轨迹可分为理想轨迹、正常轨迹、切线轨迹、摇摆轨迹、漂移轨迹和修正轨迹六种；且当车辆沿不同轨迹行驶时，车辆进入弯道、离开弯道以及借用对向车道的时间和位置都是不同的。（4）利用Lorenz散点图对客车在农村公路上行驶时、驾驶人对车辆操纵稳定性的控制情况进行了研究，发现客车农村公路行驶时，驾驶人对侧向加速度的控制力最强，其次是横摆角速度和车身侧倾角。研究结果表明驾驶人在驾驶过程中，对车辆行驶稳定性的主观感受主要来自侧向加速度。（5）利用实车试验过程中采集得到的驾驶人眼动数据对行车过程中驾驶人的注视点分布以及头部和眼睛运动的相关性进行了研究。研究发现，熟练驾驶人在视觉搜索策略上要优于非熟练驾驶人；然而，无论是熟练驾驶人还是非熟练驾驶人，，在平曲线行驶过程中，注视点都是集中分布在左侧道路边缘线附近，并且注视点的分布轨迹近似于车辆的行驶轨迹平行。这表明，视觉对车辆行驶具有视觉导向作用，驾驶人所判断的平曲线起始点对于弯道路段的车辆行驶稳定性具有决定性的影响。（6）根据采集得到的驾驶人心电信号，利用相邻RR波峰之间的时间间隔获得了驾驶人行车过程中的瞬时心率，并对驾驶人心率与车辆运行状态之间的相关性进行了分析。研究表明，驾驶人的心率与车辆运行状态之间并没有非常显著的相关性，驾驶人并不会因为车速的提高或者波动就产生极大的心理压力或紧张情绪。只是在长时间的停车等待后，驾驶人因为车辆能够启动而有微小的心理波动。（7）利用Trucksim对敷设缓和曲线对车辆行驶稳定性的影响、车辆沿不同轨迹行驶时的行驶稳定性差异以及不同设计速度道路上的车辆行驶极限速度进行研究。研究结果表明，相比不铺设缓和曲线，平曲线路段铺设缓和曲线之后，车辆以相同速度驶过弯道路段时，其最大侧向加速度有所提高，但车辆运行状态的变化速度减缓，并且有效降低了超调量；车辆以不同的行驶轨迹通过平曲线路段时会表现出不同的行驶稳定性，总体来说，切线轨迹上的车辆行驶稳定性最佳而修正轨迹上的车辆行驶稳定性最差。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of national economy, the development speed of road transport industry in China is increasing year by year, and the opening mileage of rural highway is also increasing. Rural passenger transport has entered a period of rapid development. For this reason, the traffic accidents of passenger vehicles on rural highways occur frequently, which have brought severe impact on the life safety and economic development of rural people.
(1) The characteristics of rural highway are studied from the aspects of road alignment composition, design speed, road grade and road superelevation, and the basic characteristics of vehicle driving carrier are determined.
(2) Design a real-time vehicle acquisition test for vehicle operation parameters and driver data. The test route selected two typical rural highways in Tonghua City and Baishan City of Jilin Province, which included more flat curved sections and passed through many villages along the way; the test vehicle selected 19 passenger cars with high roof; the subjects were divided into skilled men. Unskilled males, skilled females and unskilled females are used to collect vehicle running parameters, vehicle trajectory and traffic environment information by VBOX and video camera, to collect driver eye movement data by FaceLAB, and to collect driver physiological data by Captiv.
(3) Using the vehicle trajectory data collected from the test, the trajectory characteristics of the vehicle on the flat curve section are analyzed, and the trajectory of the vehicle on the flat curve section can be divided into six kinds: ideal trajectory, normal trajectory, tangent trajectory, swing trajectory, drift trajectory and correction trajectory. The vehicle enters the curve, leaving the curve and the time and location of the opposite lane.
(4) Lorenz scatter plot is used to study the control of vehicle handling and stability on rural highway. It is found that the driver has the strongest control over lateral acceleration, followed by yaw angular velocity and body roll angle. The subjective sense of vehicle stability is mainly caused by lateral acceleration.
(5) Based on the eye movement data collected during the vehicle test, this paper studies the relationship between the eye movement and the gaze distribution of the driver during the driving process. In the course of driving on a flat curve, the gaze points are concentrated near the edge of the left road, and the gaze points are approximately parallel to the trajectory of the vehicle. Having decisive influence.
(6) According to the collected ECG signals, the instantaneous heart rate of the driver during driving is obtained by the time interval between adjacent RR peaks, and the correlation between the heart rate of the driver and the running state of the vehicle is analyzed. Drivers don't have a lot of stress or nervousness because of the increase or fluctuation of the speed of the car. They just have a slight psychological fluctuation because the car can start after a long parking wait.
(7) Using Trucksim to study the influence of transition curve on vehicle driving stability, the difference of vehicle driving stability along different trajectories and the limit speed of vehicles on different designed speeds. The results show that, compared with no transition curve, after the transition curve is laid on the flat curve section, the vehicle is in phase. At the same speed, the maximum lateral acceleration increases, but the change speed of vehicle running state slows down, and the overshoot decreases effectively. Vehicles traveling through curved sections with different trajectories will show different driving stability. Generally speaking, vehicles on tangent trajectories have the best driving stability and are repaired. The vehicle stability on the track is the worst.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.254

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