基于可达性的城市公交微循环研究

发布时间：2018-09-01 16:26

【摘要】：优先发展公共交通是解决城市交通问题的有效措施,在发展公共交通的进程中,许多城市在大力推进大容量快速公交系统建设的同时却对城市公共交通微循环部分缺少足够的重视,“最后一公里”成为制约公交服务水平的主要原因之一。因此强化公交微循环在公交系统中的作用并寻求相应的规划理论和方法具有现实的必要性和紧迫性。论文以交通微循环作为切入点,阐述了公交微循环概念,分析其功能定位、线路设置影响因素,并从老年人出行需求、接驳需求、覆盖公交服务盲点三方面论述了发展公交微循环的必要性。公交微循环规划和普通公交系统规划区别较大,论文认为公交微循环应当遵循可达性导向的交通规划理念。因此深入探讨了可达性的概念和内涵,分析了交通可达性与机动性的辩证关系。引用生物学中生态位与生态位分化的理论来解析各种交通方式优势出行距离,指出公共交通地位下降的原因是其出行距离生态位被蚕食,而公交微循环有助于提升公共交通的可达性和地位,可达性导向的公交规划有利于城市交通系统的可持续发展。区别于普通公交系统,提出基于可达性的公交微循环线路设计方法,主要包括确定线路布设区域、选取最优候选站点、寻求最优线路三个方面的内容,并提出相应的方法。通过构建小区公交可达性指标计算模型来确定线路布设区域,并介绍了其在TransCAD中实现的方法。考虑公交站点的可达性,将站点优选问题看作集合覆盖问题,通过PRO-CEN算法将问题转换为0-1规划进行求解,并通过C++编程实现。在路线寻优中,论文主要考虑单循环线路模式,构建了以客流密度最大化为目标的公交微循环线路优化模型,并设计遗传算法进行求解。
[Abstract]:Priority is given to the development of public transport, which is an effective measure to solve urban traffic problems. At the same time, many cities pay less attention to the microcirculation of urban public transportation while vigorously promoting the construction of mass transit rapid transit system. "Last kilometer" has become one of the main reasons for restricting the level of public transport service. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to strengthen the role of public transportation microcirculation in the public transport system and to seek the corresponding planning theory and method. This paper takes traffic microcirculation as the breakthrough point, expounds the concept of public transportation microcirculation, analyzes its function orientation, the influence factors of route setting, and from the elderly travel demand, connecting demand. This paper discusses the necessity of developing bus microcirculation from three aspects covering blind spot of bus service. There is a big difference between bus microcirculation planning and ordinary public transport system planning. The paper thinks that bus microcirculation should follow the concept of reachability oriented traffic planning. Therefore, the concept and connotation of accessibility are discussed, and the dialectical relationship between accessibility and mobility is analyzed. Based on the theory of niche and niche differentiation in biology, the dominant travel distance of various transportation modes is analyzed, and it is pointed out that the reason for the decline of public transport status is that the niche of public transportation is eroded. The microcirculation of public transportation is helpful to improve the accessibility and status of public transportation, and the reachability oriented bus planning is beneficial to the sustainable development of urban transportation system. Different from the ordinary public transport system, this paper puts forward the design method of the bus microcirculation line based on reachability, which mainly includes determining the location of the line, selecting the optimal candidate station, seeking for the optimal line, and putting forward the corresponding method. In this paper, a calculation model of reachability index of public transportation in residential area is constructed to determine the layout area of the line, and the method to realize it in TransCAD is introduced. Considering the reachability of bus stations, the problem of site selection is regarded as a set covering problem. The problem is transformed into 0-1 programming by PRO-CEN algorithm and solved by C programming. In the course of route optimization, the paper mainly considers the single cycle line mode, constructs the bus microcirculation line optimization model aiming at maximizing the passenger flow density, and designs the genetic algorithm to solve the problem.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.17

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