桥隧工程安全监测的光纤光栅传感理论及关键技术研究
发布时间：2018-09-06 08:49
【摘要】：随着我国现代化建设的不断深入,桥梁和隧道工程建设快速发展,且工程建设重点逐渐向复杂地区转移,与此同时施工环境逐渐恶劣,地质条件越发复杂,桥梁与隧道工程建设施工期与服役期的安全事故频发,并造成严重的人员伤亡与经济损失。针对灾害类型及事故特点,研究适用于桥梁与隧道工程安全监测的传感理论与技术,是解决桥隧工程安全难题的有效方法。光纤光栅(Fiber Bragg Grating, FBG)传感技术以其材质、精度、组网能力等优势,为解决该难题提供了可行的途径,但目前桥隧工程安全监测领域,植入光纤光栅的智能土工材料研究较少,传感器件大多仅考虑普通光纤光栅轴向均匀应变特性,器件选择与传感特性研究较为单一,微型化与高精度的光纤光栅传感器研究不够完善,不能满足复杂环境下桥隧工程实时监测的需要。 针对上述问题,本文以桥梁与隧道工程安全监测为应用背景,研究光纤光栅传感理论与关键技术,以桥隧工程中不同灾害类型的工程现场应用及模型试验为依托,在分析光纤光栅轴向应变传感模型的基础上,根据桥隧工程的应用需求,采用有限元法优化设计了微型化、高精度光纤光栅传感器系列；发挥光纤光栅可植入性强的巨大优势,研究光纤光栅与土工格栅的在线复合工艺,研制了集测量与加固于一体的智能土工格栅及其二维、三维变形场传感方法；以新型光纤光栅的传感特性为突破口,研究了复杂空间应力条件下啁啾、相移光纤光栅的光谱变化规律,实现了光纤光栅传感器在桥隧工程现场及模型试验中应用,最后基于支持向量回归机对缺失数据进行修补,进一步提高系统的智能性与可靠性。本文的主要研究工作如下： 1、根据桥隧工程某些应用场合对小体积、多参数传感器的需求,在分析光纤光栅传输理论与传感模型的基础上,基于有限元力学仿真,对多参数光纤光栅传感器进行优化设计,研制了高精度、微型化的光纤光栅传感器系列,包括：应变损失小的表贴式光纤光栅应变传感器、高精度的光纤光栅位移传感器、与被测介质匹配良好的微型光纤光栅土压力计、适用于裂隙与管道流速实时监测的光纤光栅流速计,详细研究了不同参数传感器的传感原理与性能特性,为桥隧工程安全监测特殊场合的应用提供有效的技术手段。 2、针对桥隧工程的智能土工材料研究的不足,以桥隧工程中用于结构加固的土工格栅为载体,结合光纤光栅易植入、局部检测精度高、成本低等的优势,通过研究光纤光栅与土工格栅的在线植入工艺,研制了集测量与加固于一体的智能土工格栅；组建基于自修复FBG传感网络的智能土工格栅传感系统,并开展智能土工格栅拉伸性能试验,验证光纤光栅对格栅拉伸的响应特性。在此基础上重点研究了基于离散曲率的土工格栅变形传感方法,实现了基于智能土工材料的桥隧工程中二维及三维变形场传感,通过仿真与实验验证了其可行性,本章研究填补了具有空间变形场自传感功能的桥隧工程智能型土工材料的研究空白。 3、针对均匀光纤光栅在空间复杂应力下容易发生光谱畸变,造成无法实现复杂应力的测量,且轴向应变测量严重失真的难题,以啁啾光纤光栅(Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating, CFBG)与相移光纤光栅(Phase Shifted Fiber Bragg Grating, PSFBG)这两种典型的非均匀光纤光栅空间应力传感特性为突破点,通过分析啁啾、相移光纤光栅这两种新型光纤光栅传感器件的空间“力—光”特性,研究其在轴向均匀与非均匀受力、不同大小径向力、不同径向力分布角度等复杂空间应力下光谱形状、中心波长、带宽、反射率等光谱信息的响应规律,获取了基于非均匀光纤光栅的复杂空间应力测量方法,并拓宽了新型光纤光栅器件的应用领域。 4、针对桥梁与隧道工程中传统传感方式监测精度低、匹配性差的缺陷,组建了基于高精度与微型化光纤光栅传感器系列的光纤光栅传感系统,并应用于桥梁与隧道工程现场及模型试验中。针对桥梁与隧道工程中不同的事故类型与应用场合,分别对隧道支护变形、桥梁节段接缝位移、动水注浆裂隙流场流速、海底隧道围岩压力等不同物理参数进行实时监测,分析这些监测参数对隧道变形、桥梁下挠、突水等灾害治理、围岩应力释放等过程的响应规律,验证系统中光纤光栅传感器系列的实用效果。 5、针对监测过程中的光纤光栅传感系统由于光谱畸变或传感器损坏可能造成关键点数据突然缺失的问题,研究基于支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)的缺失数据修补方法,首先根据其他传感器及影响因素与待修补传感器的相关性,建立数据缺失前待修补传感器数据与各影响因素的非线性函数关系模型,随后,根据该模型以其他传感器及影响因素为测试集输入,计算待修补传感器的缺失数据,实现对改点缺失数据的估计与修补,进一步提高安全监测中光纤光栅传感系统的智能性与可靠性。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of China's modernization drive, the construction of bridges and tunnels has developed rapidly, and the focus of construction has gradually shifted to complex areas. At the same time, the construction environment is becoming worse and the geological conditions are becoming more complex. The safety accidents of bridges and tunnels during the construction and service periods are frequent, which cause serious casualties and injuries. Economic loss. In view of disaster types and accident characteristics, the study of sensing theory and technology suitable for bridge and tunnel engineering safety monitoring is an effective method to solve the safety problems of bridge and tunnel engineering. However, in the field of bridge and tunnel engineering safety monitoring, there is little research on Intelligent geomaterials embedded with fiber grating. Most sensors only consider the axial uniform strain characteristics of ordinary fiber grating. The research on device selection and sensing characteristics is relatively single, and the research on miniaturization and high precision fiber grating sensors is not perfect enough to meet the complexity. The need for real-time monitoring of bridge and tunnel projects in the environment.
In view of the above problems, this paper takes the bridge and tunnel engineering safety monitoring as the application background, studies the fiber grating sensing theory and the key technology, relies on the field application and the model test of different disaster types in the bridge and tunnel engineering, analyzes the fiber grating axial strain sensing model, according to the application requirements of the bridge and tunnel engineering. A series of miniaturized and high-precision FBG sensors are optimized by using finite element method, and the on-line composite technology of FBG and geogrid is studied by taking advantage of the strong implantability of FBG. The sensing characteristic of FBG is a breakthrough. The spectrum variation of chirped and phase-shifted FBG under complex spatial stress is studied. The application of FBG sensor in bridge and tunnel engineering field and model test is realized. Finally, the missing data is repaired based on support vector regression machine to further improve the intelligence and reliability of the system. The main research work in this paper is as follows:
1. According to the requirement of small volume and multi-parameter sensors in some applications of bridge and tunnel engineering, based on the analysis of the transmission theory and sensing model of FBG, the multi-parameter FBG sensors are optimized and designed based on the finite element mechanical simulation. A series of high precision and miniaturized FBG sensors are developed, including strain loss. A small surface mounted fiber grating strain sensor, a high precision fiber grating displacement sensor, and a micro fiber grating earth pressure meter well matched with the measured medium are used for real-time monitoring of the flow velocity of cracks and pipelines. The sensing principle and performance characteristics of different parameter sensors are studied in detail to ensure the safety of bridge and tunnel engineering. It provides effective technical means for monitoring the application of special occasions.
2. Aiming at the deficiency of the research on Intelligent geotechnical materials for bridge and tunnel engineering, taking the geogrid used for structural reinforcement as the carrier, combining the advantages of easy implantation of fiber grating, high local detection accuracy and low cost, an intelligent soil integrating measurement and reinforcement was developed by studying the on-line implantation technology of fiber grating and geogrid. An intelligent geogrid sensing system based on self-repairing FBG sensor network is established, and the tensile performance test of the intelligent geogrid is carried out to verify the response characteristics of the fiber grating to the grid tension. The feasibility of two-dimensional and three-dimensional deformation field sensing in tunnel engineering is verified by simulation and experiment. The research in this chapter fills the blank of intelligent geomaterials for bridge and tunnel engineering with spatial deformation field self-sensing function.
3. To solve the problem that uniform fiber Bragg gratings are prone to spectral distortion under complex spatial stress, which makes it impossible to measure complex stress and seriously distorts axial strain measurement, chirped fiber Bragg Grating (CFBG) and phase-shifted fiber Bragg Grating (PSFBG) are two typical nonlinearities. The spatial stress sensing characteristic of uniform fiber grating is the breakthrough point. By analyzing the spatial "force-light" characteristics of chirp and phase-shifted fiber grating, the spectral shape and center of these two new types of fiber grating sensors under axial uniform and inhomogeneous forces, different radial forces and different radial force distribution angles are studied. The complex spatial stress measurement method based on non-uniform fiber grating (FBG) is obtained by the response law of spectral information such as wavelength, bandwidth and reflectivity, and the application fields of new FBG devices are broadened.
4. To overcome the shortcomings of low precision and poor matching of traditional sensing methods in bridge and tunnel engineering, a series of fiber grating sensing systems based on high precision and miniaturization fiber grating sensors are established and applied to bridge and tunnel engineering site and model test. On occasions, real-time monitoring of different physical parameters such as tunnel support deformation, bridge segment joint displacement, flow velocity of dynamic water grouting fissure flow field, pressure of surrounding rock of submarine tunnel is carried out respectively. The response law of these monitoring parameters to tunnel deformation, bridge deflection, water inrush and stress release of surrounding rock is analyzed, and the fiber optic light in the system is verified. Practical effect of grating sensor series.
5. Aiming at the problem of sudden missing of key data due to spectral distortion or sensor damage in FBG sensing system during monitoring process, a method of repairing missing data based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) is studied. Firstly, according to the correlation between other sensors and influencing factors and the sensor to be repaired, the method is established. A non-linear functional relationship model between the sensor data to be repaired and the influencing factors before data loss is established. Then, the missing data of the sensor to be repaired is calculated based on the model with other sensors and influencing factors as the test set input. The missing data of the sensor to be repaired is estimated and repaired to further improve the fiber grating sensing in safety monitoring. The intelligence and reliability of the system.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U446;U456.3
本文编号：2225832
[Abstract]:With the deepening of China's modernization drive, the construction of bridges and tunnels has developed rapidly, and the focus of construction has gradually shifted to complex areas. At the same time, the construction environment is becoming worse and the geological conditions are becoming more complex. The safety accidents of bridges and tunnels during the construction and service periods are frequent, which cause serious casualties and injuries. Economic loss. In view of disaster types and accident characteristics, the study of sensing theory and technology suitable for bridge and tunnel engineering safety monitoring is an effective method to solve the safety problems of bridge and tunnel engineering. However, in the field of bridge and tunnel engineering safety monitoring, there is little research on Intelligent geomaterials embedded with fiber grating. Most sensors only consider the axial uniform strain characteristics of ordinary fiber grating. The research on device selection and sensing characteristics is relatively single, and the research on miniaturization and high precision fiber grating sensors is not perfect enough to meet the complexity. The need for real-time monitoring of bridge and tunnel projects in the environment.
In view of the above problems, this paper takes the bridge and tunnel engineering safety monitoring as the application background, studies the fiber grating sensing theory and the key technology, relies on the field application and the model test of different disaster types in the bridge and tunnel engineering, analyzes the fiber grating axial strain sensing model, according to the application requirements of the bridge and tunnel engineering. A series of miniaturized and high-precision FBG sensors are optimized by using finite element method, and the on-line composite technology of FBG and geogrid is studied by taking advantage of the strong implantability of FBG. The sensing characteristic of FBG is a breakthrough. The spectrum variation of chirped and phase-shifted FBG under complex spatial stress is studied. The application of FBG sensor in bridge and tunnel engineering field and model test is realized. Finally, the missing data is repaired based on support vector regression machine to further improve the intelligence and reliability of the system. The main research work in this paper is as follows:
1. According to the requirement of small volume and multi-parameter sensors in some applications of bridge and tunnel engineering, based on the analysis of the transmission theory and sensing model of FBG, the multi-parameter FBG sensors are optimized and designed based on the finite element mechanical simulation. A series of high precision and miniaturized FBG sensors are developed, including strain loss. A small surface mounted fiber grating strain sensor, a high precision fiber grating displacement sensor, and a micro fiber grating earth pressure meter well matched with the measured medium are used for real-time monitoring of the flow velocity of cracks and pipelines. The sensing principle and performance characteristics of different parameter sensors are studied in detail to ensure the safety of bridge and tunnel engineering. It provides effective technical means for monitoring the application of special occasions.
2. Aiming at the deficiency of the research on Intelligent geotechnical materials for bridge and tunnel engineering, taking the geogrid used for structural reinforcement as the carrier, combining the advantages of easy implantation of fiber grating, high local detection accuracy and low cost, an intelligent soil integrating measurement and reinforcement was developed by studying the on-line implantation technology of fiber grating and geogrid. An intelligent geogrid sensing system based on self-repairing FBG sensor network is established, and the tensile performance test of the intelligent geogrid is carried out to verify the response characteristics of the fiber grating to the grid tension. The feasibility of two-dimensional and three-dimensional deformation field sensing in tunnel engineering is verified by simulation and experiment. The research in this chapter fills the blank of intelligent geomaterials for bridge and tunnel engineering with spatial deformation field self-sensing function.
3. To solve the problem that uniform fiber Bragg gratings are prone to spectral distortion under complex spatial stress, which makes it impossible to measure complex stress and seriously distorts axial strain measurement, chirped fiber Bragg Grating (CFBG) and phase-shifted fiber Bragg Grating (PSFBG) are two typical nonlinearities. The spatial stress sensing characteristic of uniform fiber grating is the breakthrough point. By analyzing the spatial "force-light" characteristics of chirp and phase-shifted fiber grating, the spectral shape and center of these two new types of fiber grating sensors under axial uniform and inhomogeneous forces, different radial forces and different radial force distribution angles are studied. The complex spatial stress measurement method based on non-uniform fiber grating (FBG) is obtained by the response law of spectral information such as wavelength, bandwidth and reflectivity, and the application fields of new FBG devices are broadened.
4. To overcome the shortcomings of low precision and poor matching of traditional sensing methods in bridge and tunnel engineering, a series of fiber grating sensing systems based on high precision and miniaturization fiber grating sensors are established and applied to bridge and tunnel engineering site and model test. On occasions, real-time monitoring of different physical parameters such as tunnel support deformation, bridge segment joint displacement, flow velocity of dynamic water grouting fissure flow field, pressure of surrounding rock of submarine tunnel is carried out respectively. The response law of these monitoring parameters to tunnel deformation, bridge deflection, water inrush and stress release of surrounding rock is analyzed, and the fiber optic light in the system is verified. Practical effect of grating sensor series.
5. Aiming at the problem of sudden missing of key data due to spectral distortion or sensor damage in FBG sensing system during monitoring process, a method of repairing missing data based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) is studied. Firstly, according to the correlation between other sensors and influencing factors and the sensor to be repaired, the method is established. A non-linear functional relationship model between the sensor data to be repaired and the influencing factors before data loss is established. Then, the missing data of the sensor to be repaired is calculated based on the model with other sensors and influencing factors as the test set input. The missing data of the sensor to be repaired is estimated and repaired to further improve the fiber grating sensing in safety monitoring. The intelligence and reliability of the system.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U446;U456.3
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