基于认知行为的高速公路减速标线研究
发布时间：2018-09-10 12:35
【摘要】：随着我们经济的迅速发展,汽车保有量持续增加,我国高速公路通车里程已跃居世界第一,但是随之而来的一起起特重大高速公路交通事故刺激着我们的神经。通过研究发现在高速公路交通事故中,超速行为是导致交通事故和决定交通事故严重程度的重要因素。因此在事故易发的特殊路段采取有效的速度控制措施,可以从根本上减少由超速带来的交通事故,保证安全出行,提升道路安全水平。 目前在高速公路上主要采取的是限速标志等一些强制性速度控制设施,但这种强制性手段的效果并不理想,限速值一般比道路允许行驶速度值要低很多,容易造成驾驶员逆反心理冒险超速,影响交通安全。而基于视错觉的减速标线能够有效的引起驾驶员的注意,从认知心理学出发,改变驾驶员对交通环境的感知,在适当的刺激强度下引导驾驶员自然减速到合理速度值。并且减速标线更加考虑驾驶的舒适性,减速效果的平滑性,同时减速标线的设置减少了高速公路路面环境的单调性,能够起到缓解驾驶员烦闷、乏味和视觉疲劳的作用。但是在我国现有的交通规范中,对高速公路上的减速标线还没有具体的规定和科学有效的标准,因而导致现有的高速公路上的减速标线运用混乱,有些设置缺乏合理性、有效性。 本文基于驾驶员的认知行为,利用视错觉原理,设计出三色立体、鱼刺形和菱形三种减速标线,利用CAD作图软件绘制出试验高速公路平面图,与各减速标线参数示意图,然后采用Multigen Creator建模软件生成三种减速标线的ive格式文件,再把三种减速标线的ive文件导入仿真模拟驾驶系统的道路建模软件数据库中,运用道路建模软件生成高速公路仿真模型,并从数据库中调出三种减速标线铺设在合适的位置。最后利用我校的车辆驾驶仿真器,应用模拟仿真技术,邀请47名被试驾驶员进行模拟仿真试验与主观评价,对设计出的三种减速标线减速效果进行试验验证,通过综合分析得出各种减速标线的优劣、适用路段。研究成果可以为道路管理部门提供一定的理论依据与参考。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our economy and the continuous increase of the number of cars, the mileage of expressway traffic in our country has leapt to the first in the world, but with it, a major highway traffic accident stimulates our nerves. It is found that speeding is an important factor to cause traffic accidents and determine the severity of traffic accidents in expressway traffic accidents. Therefore, taking effective speed control measures in special sections prone to accidents can fundamentally reduce traffic accidents caused by speeding, ensure safe travel and improve road safety level. At present, some compulsory speed control facilities, such as speed limit signs, are mainly adopted on highways, but the effect of this kind of mandatory means is not ideal. The speed limit value is generally much lower than the permitted speed value of the road. It is easy to cause the driver to overspeed at the risk of reflexive psychology and affect the traffic safety. And the deceleration line based on visual illusion can effectively attract the attention of drivers, from cognitive psychology, change the driver's perception of traffic environment, and guide the driver to decelerate naturally to the reasonable speed value under the appropriate stimulus intensity. And the deceleration line takes the comfort of driving and the smoothness of deceleration effect more into account. At the same time, the setting of deceleration line reduces the monotonicity of highway pavement environment, which can relieve the driver's boredom, boredom and visual fatigue. However, in the existing traffic regulations of our country, there are no specific regulations and scientific and effective standards for the deceleration line on the expressway, which leads to the confusion of the use of the deceleration mark line on the existing expressway, and some of the settings lack of rationality. Effectiveness. Based on the driver's cognitive behavior and the principle of visual illusion, three deceleration lines are designed, such as trichromatic, fish-prickly and rhomboid, and the plane map of the test highway is drawn by using CAD software, and the parameters of each deceleration line are schematic. Then the Multigen Creator modeling software is used to generate the ive format files of the three deceleration lines, and then the ive files of the three deceleration marks are imported into the road modeling software database of the simulation driving system. The highway simulation model is generated by using road modeling software, and three kinds of deceleration mark lines are found out from the database and laid in proper position. Finally, using the vehicle driving simulator of our school, 47 drivers are invited to carry out the simulation test and subjective evaluation, and the deceleration effect of the three kinds of deceleration mark is tested and verified. Through comprehensive analysis, the advantages and disadvantages of various deceleration mark lines are obtained, which are applicable to road sections. The research results can provide certain theoretical basis and reference for road management department.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.5
本文编号：2234461
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our economy and the continuous increase of the number of cars, the mileage of expressway traffic in our country has leapt to the first in the world, but with it, a major highway traffic accident stimulates our nerves. It is found that speeding is an important factor to cause traffic accidents and determine the severity of traffic accidents in expressway traffic accidents. Therefore, taking effective speed control measures in special sections prone to accidents can fundamentally reduce traffic accidents caused by speeding, ensure safe travel and improve road safety level. At present, some compulsory speed control facilities, such as speed limit signs, are mainly adopted on highways, but the effect of this kind of mandatory means is not ideal. The speed limit value is generally much lower than the permitted speed value of the road. It is easy to cause the driver to overspeed at the risk of reflexive psychology and affect the traffic safety. And the deceleration line based on visual illusion can effectively attract the attention of drivers, from cognitive psychology, change the driver's perception of traffic environment, and guide the driver to decelerate naturally to the reasonable speed value under the appropriate stimulus intensity. And the deceleration line takes the comfort of driving and the smoothness of deceleration effect more into account. At the same time, the setting of deceleration line reduces the monotonicity of highway pavement environment, which can relieve the driver's boredom, boredom and visual fatigue. However, in the existing traffic regulations of our country, there are no specific regulations and scientific and effective standards for the deceleration line on the expressway, which leads to the confusion of the use of the deceleration mark line on the existing expressway, and some of the settings lack of rationality. Effectiveness. Based on the driver's cognitive behavior and the principle of visual illusion, three deceleration lines are designed, such as trichromatic, fish-prickly and rhomboid, and the plane map of the test highway is drawn by using CAD software, and the parameters of each deceleration line are schematic. Then the Multigen Creator modeling software is used to generate the ive format files of the three deceleration lines, and then the ive files of the three deceleration marks are imported into the road modeling software database of the simulation driving system. The highway simulation model is generated by using road modeling software, and three kinds of deceleration mark lines are found out from the database and laid in proper position. Finally, using the vehicle driving simulator of our school, 47 drivers are invited to carry out the simulation test and subjective evaluation, and the deceleration effect of the three kinds of deceleration mark is tested and verified. Through comprehensive analysis, the advantages and disadvantages of various deceleration mark lines are obtained, which are applicable to road sections. The research results can provide certain theoretical basis and reference for road management department.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.5
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