斜坡式码头趸船系泊缆绳载荷测量技术与监测预警系统研究
发布时间：2018-10-13 17:48
【摘要】：随着三峡枢纽的建成运行，重庆地区码头作业水文条件的改变以及船舶的大型化对斜坡式码头趸船系留设施提出了更高的要求。然而斜坡式码头趸船系泊缆绳载荷机理相当复杂，除了与风、浪、流等环境因素有关外，还与船舶吨位、船型、载重量、泊位水深、布缆方式、缆绳技术状况、趸船与靠泊船舶的相互作用等一系列因素有关，现有系泊系统理论及缆绳载荷计算方法对于斜坡式码头趸船的适用性还有待探讨。国外虽然已有成熟的系泊监测系统定型产品，但现有斜坡式码头趸船专业化程度不足以直接运用。 为避免斜坡式码头趸船出现断缆事故，造成趸船自身倾覆或失控下漂等严重后果，本文深入分析趸船系泊系统的力学特性和系泊线特性，讨论现有缆绳载荷计算方法及其对于斜坡式码头趸船的适用性，剖析船舶缆绳载荷的影响因素；分析振动频率法测缆绳载荷影响因素及修正，提出了实用的趸船系泊缆绳载荷量测技术，通过现场测试验证了量测技术的可行性；选择基于振动频率法设计斜坡式码头趸船系泊缆绳载荷监测预警系统，并对频谱分析、预警值的确定、应急响应预案、监控预警系统设备和流程等关键问题进行了阐述。 振动频率法不仅具有测试仪器日趋小型化，携带方便，容易安装，可以重复使用的优点，而且其测试精度高，，因此成为斜坡式码头趸船在役缆绳载荷测量最适合的方法。在考虑缆绳斜度、弯曲刚度、垂度、两端约束条件，传感器附加质量，环境温度变化影响的情况下，可以通过修正的公式消除影响，测量精度得到进一步的提升。现场实测结果也证明了振动频率法确实能够实现对斜坡码头缆绳载荷可靠测量，由此设计出的斜坡式码头趸船系泊缆绳载荷监测预警系统也有很高的使用价值。 本系统基于振动频率法，不依赖快速脱缆钩进行缆绳载荷的测量，不需要针对码头系泊设备进行专业性改造，测定结果精度较高，适用于目前国内绝大多数斜坡码头。整套设备简单轻便，携带安装均很方便，设备可重复使用，除可常设码头以避免趸船缆绳断缆事故外，还可周转于辖区各码头以优化系泊系统或进行系泊系统理论研究。
[Abstract]:With the completion and operation of the three Gorges Project, the changes of hydrological conditions and the large scale of ships in Chongqing have put forward higher requirements for the mooring and retaining facilities of barges on sloping wharves. However, the mooring load mechanism of the barge of sloping wharf is quite complicated. In addition to the environmental factors such as wind, wave and current, it is also related to the ship's tonnage, ship type, deadweight, berth water depth, cable arrangement mode, and the technical condition of the cable. A series of factors are related to the interaction between barges and berthing ships. The applicability of mooring system theory and cable load calculation method to the barge of sloping wharf needs to be discussed. Although mature mooring monitoring system has been developed abroad, the existing sloping wharf barges are not able to be used directly. In order to avoid the cable breakage of barges in sloping wharves and the serious consequences such as overturning or losing control of barges, the mechanical and mooring characteristics of barges mooring system are deeply analyzed in this paper. This paper discusses the existing calculation methods of cable load and its applicability to the barge of sloping wharf, analyzes the influencing factors of the ship's cable load, analyzes the influencing factors and the correction of the cable load measured by the vibration frequency method. A practical mooring load measurement technique for barges is put forward, the feasibility of the measurement technology is verified by field test, the mooring load monitoring and warning system based on vibration frequency method is designed, and the frequency spectrum is analyzed. The key problems such as the determination of early warning value, emergency response plan, monitoring and warning system equipment and flow are expounded. Vibration frequency method not only has the advantages of miniaturization of test instruments, easy to carry, easy to install and can be used repeatedly, but also has high testing accuracy, so it has become the most suitable method for measuring the load of cables in service of barges of sloping wharves. Considering the influence of cable slope, bending stiffness, sag, constraint conditions at both ends, the additional mass of sensor and the change of ambient temperature, the influence can be eliminated by the modified formula, and the measurement precision can be further improved. The field measured results also prove that the vibration frequency method can realize the reliable measurement of the cable load of the slope wharf, and the mooring cable load monitoring and warning system of the sloping wharf lighter designed from this method also has a high practical value. Based on the vibration frequency method, the system does not rely on fast decoupling hooks to measure the cable load, and does not need professional modification for the dock mooring equipment. The accuracy of the measurement results is high, and it is suitable for most of the domestic sloping wharves at present. The whole set of equipment is simple and light, easy to carry and install, and the equipment can be reused. Besides the permanent wharf to avoid the cable breaking accident of the barge, it can also be rotated to the wharf in the jurisdiction to optimize the mooring system or to carry out the theoretical research of the mooring system.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U653.2
[Abstract]:With the completion and operation of the three Gorges Project, the changes of hydrological conditions and the large scale of ships in Chongqing have put forward higher requirements for the mooring and retaining facilities of barges on sloping wharves. However, the mooring load mechanism of the barge of sloping wharf is quite complicated. In addition to the environmental factors such as wind, wave and current, it is also related to the ship's tonnage, ship type, deadweight, berth water depth, cable arrangement mode, and the technical condition of the cable. A series of factors are related to the interaction between barges and berthing ships. The applicability of mooring system theory and cable load calculation method to the barge of sloping wharf needs to be discussed. Although mature mooring monitoring system has been developed abroad, the existing sloping wharf barges are not able to be used directly. In order to avoid the cable breakage of barges in sloping wharves and the serious consequences such as overturning or losing control of barges, the mechanical and mooring characteristics of barges mooring system are deeply analyzed in this paper. This paper discusses the existing calculation methods of cable load and its applicability to the barge of sloping wharf, analyzes the influencing factors of the ship's cable load, analyzes the influencing factors and the correction of the cable load measured by the vibration frequency method. A practical mooring load measurement technique for barges is put forward, the feasibility of the measurement technology is verified by field test, the mooring load monitoring and warning system based on vibration frequency method is designed, and the frequency spectrum is analyzed. The key problems such as the determination of early warning value, emergency response plan, monitoring and warning system equipment and flow are expounded. Vibration frequency method not only has the advantages of miniaturization of test instruments, easy to carry, easy to install and can be used repeatedly, but also has high testing accuracy, so it has become the most suitable method for measuring the load of cables in service of barges of sloping wharves. Considering the influence of cable slope, bending stiffness, sag, constraint conditions at both ends, the additional mass of sensor and the change of ambient temperature, the influence can be eliminated by the modified formula, and the measurement precision can be further improved. The field measured results also prove that the vibration frequency method can realize the reliable measurement of the cable load of the slope wharf, and the mooring cable load monitoring and warning system of the sloping wharf lighter designed from this method also has a high practical value. Based on the vibration frequency method, the system does not rely on fast decoupling hooks to measure the cable load, and does not need professional modification for the dock mooring equipment. The accuracy of the measurement results is high, and it is suitable for most of the domestic sloping wharves at present. The whole set of equipment is simple and light, easy to carry and install, and the equipment can be reused. Besides the permanent wharf to avoid the cable breaking accident of the barge, it can also be rotated to the wharf in the jurisdiction to optimize the mooring system or to carry out the theoretical research of the mooring system.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U653.2
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