大件货物多式联运路径优化研究

发布时间：2018-10-14 12:00

【摘要】：全球经济一体化进程的加快使得国内外企业间技术交流范围更加广泛，越来越多的石油化工、冶金、电力建设等大型工程项目在海内外频繁立项，工业设备的大型化、重型化成为新的发展趋势。然而，这些大型工程项目涉及一系列设备的采购和运输供应，从而使得国际和国内间设备、产品、技术交流日趋频繁，为大件物流的发展提供了广阔的市场空间。一般情况下，国际大件货物通常采用多式联运的运输方式，运输路径较长，运输大件货物价值昂贵，运输过程受交通工具、路径情况、中转节点等多方面因素的影响，一旦运输过程中出现疏漏，会对大件货物造成极大的损坏，严重影响工程项目的顺利进行。目前，，大件货物的多式联运方式存在运输结构不合理、运输路径和运输方式固定、各运输节点衔接不当等一系列问题，如何选择最优的大件货物运输路径以确保大件货物运输的顺利完成，是大件货物多式联运中多式联运经营人要考虑的首要问题。论文首先通过对大量国内外有关大件货物运输、多式联运和运输路径优化文献的阅读分析和总结，得出大件货物多式联运理论发展和运输路径优化文献综述，针对大件货物运输研究缺陷，提出本文研究重点是多式联运方式下大件货物运输路径优化的研究。其次论文针对多式联运的组织过程进行分析，建立了多式联运的一般模型。然后在此基础上，根据大件货物的特性，对大件货物多式联运中运输方式、运输路线选择、中转站进行分析，通过分析得知，大件货物运输路径优化问题实际上就是虚拟的运输网络图各城市节点间运输路径和运输方式的组合优化问题。论文充分考虑了各个城市节点间运输时间、运输费用及中转节点换装的时间和费用，建立了同时进行运输路径选择和运输方式选择的0-1混合整数规划模型即大件货物多式联运模型。考虑到模型的复杂性，本文采用遗传算法，构造虚拟网络图，并对运输网络中遇到到的存在非相邻城市存在路径和备选城市运输方式不全的问题进行处理，采用自然数编码方案和遗传操作算子的爬山处理，通过自适应的方法进行交叉和变异操作，对大件货物多式联运模型进行求解。文章最后结合郑州到西雅图的大件货物运输实例，通过最终实际数据的采集，应用上述模型及算法，得到运输路径和运输方式的最优解。通过对实际案例的计算和验证，证明本文的建模方式能够很好的处理各种运输方式和运输路径的组合优化问题，运用遗传算法求解能够得到不错的结果，求解效率较高。最后得出由于铁路运输大件中转费用比较昂贵、耗费时间较长等缺陷，大件陆路运输应尽可能选择灵活高效的公路运输方式的结论。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the process of global economic integration, the scope of technical exchanges between domestic and foreign enterprises has become more and more extensive. More and more large engineering projects such as petrochemical, metallurgy, electric power construction and so on have been frequently established at home and abroad, and industrial equipment has become large-scale. Heavy-duty has become a new trend of development. However, these large engineering projects involve the purchase and supply of a series of equipment, which makes the exchange of equipment, products and technology between international and domestic become more and more frequent, which provides a broad market space for the development of large logistics. In general, international large goods are usually transported by multimodal transport, which has a long transport route, and the value of transporting large goods is expensive. The transportation process is affected by many factors, such as transportation mode, route situation, transit node, etc. Once there are omissions in the course of transportation, it will cause great damage to the large goods, which will seriously affect the smooth progress of the project. At present, there are a series of problems such as unreasonable transport structure, fixed transportation routes and modes, improper connection between transport nodes and so on. How to choose the optimal transportation route of large goods to ensure the smooth completion of large cargo transport is the most important issue to be considered by multimodal transport operators in multimodal transport of large goods. Firstly, through reading, analyzing and summarizing a large number of domestic and international literatures on the transport of large goods, multimodal transport and route optimization, the paper concludes the theoretical development of multimodal transport of large goods and the literature review of route optimization. In view of the defects of the research on the transport of large goods, this paper puts forward the emphasis of the research on the route optimization of the transport of large goods under the multimodal transport mode. Secondly, the paper analyzes the organization process of multimodal transport and establishes a general model of multimodal transport. Then on this basis, according to the characteristics of large goods, the transport mode, route selection and transit station in multimodal transport of large goods are analyzed. In fact, the problem of route optimization of large cargo transportation is a combination optimization problem of transportation path and mode between nodes of virtual transportation network. In this paper, the transportation time, transportation cost and the time and cost of transferring nodes are fully considered. A 0-1 mixed integer programming model for both transportation route selection and transportation mode selection is established, that is, multimodal transport model for large cargo. Considering the complexity of the model, this paper uses genetic algorithm to construct the virtual network map, and deals with the problems of non-adjacent city existing path and alternative urban transportation mode which are encountered in the transportation network. In this paper, the natural number coding scheme and the genetic operator are adopted to solve the multimodal transport model of large cargo. The method of crossover and variation is adopted to solve the problem. In the end, combining the example of large cargo transportation from Zhengzhou to Seattle, the optimal solution of transportation path and mode is obtained through the collection of final actual data and the application of the above model and algorithm. Through the calculation and verification of actual cases, it is proved that the modeling method in this paper can deal with the combination optimization problem of various transportation modes and transportation routes well. The genetic algorithm can get good results and the efficiency is high. Finally, the conclusion is drawn that because of the defects such as high cost and long time consumption in railway transportation, the road transportation mode should be flexible and efficient as far as possible.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U116.2

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