沿海桥梁灾害接续作用机理与对策试验研究

发布时间：2018-10-29 20:34

【摘要】：近年来，我国跨越海峡和海湾的沿海桥梁建设事业快速发展。沿海桥梁在设计使用年限内，可能遭受多种自然灾害作用。其中，地震和极端波流海况，是对沿海桥梁结构具有威胁性的典型灾害，而在潜在海啸风险区域，由海底地震或其他原因导致的破坏性海啸可能对沿海桥梁造成毁灭性打击。当工程防灾设计从单一时期向全寿命周期转变，在一定时间跨度内，沿海桥梁结构遭受多种荷载组合作用以及灾害接续作用的可能性大大增加。在这一背景下，本文主要对以下三个方面开展了试验研究：1.考虑流固耦合作用对桥梁结构动力特性以及动力响应的影响；2.地震（动荷载）和波浪（水流）联合作用下桥梁结构动力响应；3.孤立波（海啸）对桥梁结构的作用机理以及采取桥面板开孔措施减轻孤立波（海啸）作用的有效性，主要内容包括： 1．以20m跨径T型桥梁作为原型，考虑流固耦合作用设计制作了桥梁缩尺模型，针对水流、波浪、地震、海啸耦合接续作用，制定了三类试验工况； 2．进行了桥梁模型水槽试验，研究了水深变化对桥梁模型动力特性和动力响应的影响，并采用Morison方程法计算了简化的桥梁模型模态参数，，将其和试验数据进行对比验证，并给出了波浪（水流）和动荷载组合作用下桥梁模型的动力响应特点； 3．基于桥梁模型海啸试验，研究孤立波（海啸）对桥梁的作用机理及反应特征，分析总结了采取桥面板开孔减灾措施的有效性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the construction of coastal bridges across straits and coasts in China has developed rapidly. Coastal bridges may be affected by many natural disasters during their design life. Among them, earthquakes and extreme waves and currents are typical disasters threatening coastal bridge structure, but in potential tsunami risk areas, destructive tsunamis caused by submarine earthquakes or other causes may cause devastating damage to coastal bridges. When the engineering disaster prevention design changes from a single period to a whole life cycle, the possibility of the coastal bridge structure being subjected to a variety of load combinations and disaster continuity is greatly increased in a certain time span. In this context, the following three main aspects of the experimental study: 1. Considering the effect of fluid-structure coupling on the dynamic characteristics and dynamic response of bridge structure; 2. Dynamic response of bridge structure under the combined action of earthquake (dynamic load) and wave (current); 3. The action mechanism of solitary wave (tsunami) on bridge structure and the effectiveness of adopting bridge deck perforation measures to mitigate the effect of solitary wave (tsunami) are discussed in this paper. The main contents are as follows: 1. Taking 20m span T-type bridge as prototype, Considering the fluid-solid coupling effect, the bridge scale model is designed, and three kinds of test conditions are established for the coupled interaction of current, wave, earthquake and tsunami. 2. The bridge model flume test is carried out, and the influence of the water depth change on the dynamic characteristics and dynamic response of the bridge model is studied. The simplified modal parameters of the bridge model are calculated by using the Morison equation method, and compared with the experimental data. The dynamic response characteristics of the bridge model under the combined action of wave (current) and dynamic load are given. 3. Based on the bridge model tsunami test, the action mechanism and response characteristics of the isolated wave (tsunami) to the bridge are studied, and the effectiveness of the bridge deck perforation mitigation measures is analyzed and summarized.
【学位授予单位】：中国地震局工程力学研究所
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U445.7

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