侵蚀条件下氯丁橡胶支座受力性能研究

发布时间：2018-10-30 18:27

【摘要】：氯丁橡胶支座是由均匀的薄钢板及分布均匀的氯丁橡胶层组成,它具有较高的弹性,又具有较高的变形能力,因此,氯丁橡胶支座是结构中重要的抗震装置。氯丁橡胶支座除了具有其他材质支座的优良物理性质外,且有易更换、构造简单、缓冲震动等优点。但氯丁橡胶支座长期使用在外界环境中,受到外界环境的腐蚀后,其各项物理性能均会受到损伤。由于氯丁橡胶支座本身所具有的诸多优点而得到越来越广泛的应用,因此在氯丁橡胶支座受到外界环境中的各种腐蚀侵害后,其各项力学性能的变化规律得到了许多研究者的研究。目前,地球上存在了很严重的污染,酸雨发生的频率越来越大,氯丁橡胶支座将会受到较严重的酸腐蚀。跨江、跨海的大桥逐渐增多,据此长期受到海水等盐溶液腐蚀的氯丁橡胶支座的力学性能具有很大的研究意义。氯丁橡胶支座有一定的适宜温度,在气候变化较大的环境下,其力学性能要求较高,而我国大部分地区的气候一般是冬季的温度较低,夏季的温度较高,因此对其力学性能研究有较大的研究意义。国内外对橡胶支座已有了较多的研究,但对氯丁橡胶支座的性能研究较单一。因此,对冻融循环、热腐、盐冻、酸腐、硝酸、硝硫酸及湿热条件下的氯丁橡胶支座的力学性能进行了系统的研究,为将来公路桥梁的施工提供了参考依据。研究的主要内容如下：为研究氯丁橡胶支座在酸雨环境下能否按预定的要求起到其应有的效果,及力学性能的改变情况,设计将一批橡胶支座浸泡于一定浓度(pH=4.5)的硝酸溶液、硫酸溶液和按1：1体积比配比的硝硫酸混合溶液中,分别进行20天、40天、60天、80天和100天的处理,模拟自然界中硝酸型酸雨、硫酸型酸雨及硝硫混合型酸雨环境对天然橡胶支座的影响。对经处理过的试件分别进行抗压与抗剪试验,从极限抗压强度、极限抗剪强度、抗压弹性模量、抗剪弹性模量、竖向刚度及水平等效刚度等方面研究其力学性能的变化。采用最小二乘法建立氯丁橡胶支座的衰减模型,推导出相应的拟合曲线及衰减函数。为了研究氯丁橡胶支座在湿热环境下的各项受力性能的变化规律,将试件放在高低温交变湿热试验箱中,分别腐蚀20天、40天、60天、80天、100天后,对经处理过的试件分别进行抗压与抗剪试验,从极限抗压强度、极限抗剪强度、抗压弹性模量、抗剪弹性模量、竖向刚度及水平等效刚度等方面研究其力学性能的变化。采用最小二乘法建立氯丁橡胶支座的衰减模型,推导出相应的拟合曲线及衰减函数。为了研究圆形氯丁橡胶支座在高温环境下的各项受力性能的变化规律,采用恒温鼓风干燥箱对圆形氯丁橡胶支座进行20、40、60、80、100天的热腐后,对经处理过的试件分别进行抗压与抗剪试验,从极限抗压强度、极限抗剪强度、抗压弹性模量、抗剪弹性模量、竖向刚度及水平等效刚度等方面研究其力学性能的变化。采用最小二乘法建立氯丁橡胶支座的衰减模型,推导出相应的拟合曲线及衰减函数。为了研究圆形氯丁橡胶支座在较低温度的环境下的各项受力性能的变化规律,采用标准冻融试验箱对圆形氯丁橡胶支座进行25、50、75、100、150次的冻融循环后,对经处理过的试件分别进行抗压与抗剪试验,从极限抗压强度、极限抗剪强度、抗压弹性模量、抗剪弹性模量、竖向刚度及水平等效刚度等方面研究其力学性能的变化。采用最小二乘法建立氯丁橡胶支座的衰减模型,推导出相应的拟合曲线及衰减函数。为了研究圆形氯丁橡胶支座在盐冻腐蚀的环境下的各项受力性能的变化规律,采用对试件浸泡在浓度为3%的盐溶液中,分别腐蚀20、40、60、80、100天后,对经处理过的试件分别进行抗压与抗剪试验,从极限抗压强度、极限抗剪强度、抗压弹性模量、抗剪弹性模量、竖向刚度及水平等效刚度等方面研究其力学性能的变化。采用最小二乘法建立氯丁橡胶支座的衰减模型,推导出相应的拟合曲线及衰减函数。
[Abstract]:The neoprene bearing is composed of a uniform thin steel sheet and a uniformly distributed neoprene layer. It has higher elasticity and higher deformability. Therefore, the neoprene bearing is an important anti-seismic device in the structure. The neoprene bearing has the advantages of easy replacement, simple structure, buffering vibration and the like, in addition to the excellent physical properties of the bearing with other materials. However, the long-term use of the neoprene bearing in the external environment, after being corroded by the external environment, its physical properties can be damaged. Because of the many advantages of the neoprene bearing itself, it has been widely used. Therefore, after the chloroprene rubber bearing is subjected to various kinds of corrosion in the external environment, the change law of its mechanical properties has been studied by many researchers. At present, there are serious pollution in the earth, and the frequency of acid rain is increasing, and the neoprene bearing will suffer from severe acid corrosion. The mechanical properties of the neoprene bearing corroded by salt solutions such as sea water and so on have become more and more important in the long-term cross-river and trans-sea bridge. Neoprene bearing has a certain suitable temperature. Under the environment of climate change, the mechanical property requirement is high, and the climate in most parts of China is generally lower in winter, and the temperature in summer is higher. Therefore, it has great research significance on its mechanical property research. There have been more researches on rubber bearings at home and abroad, but the research on the performance of chloroprene rubber bearings is single. Therefore, the mechanical properties of chloroprene rubber bearings under freeze-thaw cycle, hot corrosion, salt freezing, acid corrosion, nitric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid and damp-heat condition were studied systematically, and the reference basis was provided for the construction of highway bridges in the future. The main contents of the study are as follows: In order to study the effect and mechanical properties of the neoprene bearing under acid rain, a batch of rubber bearings are designed to be immersed in nitric acid solution with a certain concentration (pH = 4.5). The effects of nitric acid type acid rain, sulfuric acid type acid rain and nitric-sulfur mixed acid rain on natural rubber bearings were simulated in the mixed solution of sulfuric acid solution and nitric acid mixed with 1: 1 volume ratio respectively for 20 days, 40 days, 60 days, 80 days and 100 days respectively. The compressive and shear tests were carried out on the treated specimens respectively, and their mechanical properties were studied from the aspects of ultimate compressive strength, ultimate shear strength, compressive elastic modulus, shear modulus, vertical stiffness and horizontal equivalent stiffness. Based on the least square method, the corresponding fitting curve and attenuation function are derived. in ord to study that change rule of the stress performance of the chloroprene rubber support under the damp-heat environment, the test piece is put into a high-low and low temperature alternating damp-heat test box for corrosion for 20 days, 40 days, 60 days, 80 days and 100 days respectively, the treated test pieces are respectively subjected to compression and shear tests, The mechanical properties of ultimate shear strength, compressive elastic modulus, shear modulus, vertical stiffness and horizontal equivalent stiffness were studied. Based on the least square method, the corresponding fitting curve and attenuation function are derived. In order to study the changing law of the mechanical properties of the circular chloroprene rubber bearing under high temperature environment, after 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 days of hot corrosion of the circular chloroprene rubber bearing was carried out by a constant temperature blast drying oven, the treated test pieces were respectively subjected to compression and shear test, and the ultimate compressive strength was obtained. The mechanical properties of ultimate shear strength, compressive elastic modulus, shear modulus, vertical stiffness and horizontal equivalent stiffness were studied. Based on the least square method, the corresponding fitting curve and attenuation function are derived. In order to study the changing law of the mechanical properties of the circular chloroprene rubber bearing at lower temperature, a standard freeze-thaw test box was used to carry out 25, 50, 75, 100 and 150 freeze-thaw cycles on the circular chloroprene rubber support, and the treated specimens were subjected to compression and shear tests, respectively. The changes of mechanical properties were studied from the aspects of ultimate compressive strength, ultimate shear strength, compressive elastic modulus, shear modulus, vertical stiffness and horizontal equivalent stiffness. Based on the least square method, the corresponding fitting curve and attenuation function are derived. In order to study the changing law of the mechanical properties of the circular chloroprene rubber bearing under the condition of salt freezing corrosion, the test pieces were soaked in 3% salt solution, respectively corroded for 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 days respectively, and the treated test pieces were respectively subjected to compression and shear tests, and the ultimate compressive strength was obtained. The mechanical properties of ultimate shear strength, compressive elastic modulus, shear modulus, vertical stiffness and horizontal equivalent stiffness were studied. Based on the least square method, the corresponding fitting curve and attenuation function are derived.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U441;U443.361

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