北京市北中轴地区步行环境系统设计研究

发布时间：2018-11-08 09:44

【摘要】：20世纪末，北京旧城开始了大规模的马路拓宽、危房改建和拆迁项目，一个以步行交通为主的历史古城变成了一个以汽车交通为主的城市，旧城区面临着现代化的城市规划和严重的汽车交通压力这样的情况在西方国家也曾发生过，他们通过对城市步行化的发展，缓和了这样的矛盾。因此通过调查研究背景旧城的步行环境现状和国内外的设计理念研究，不仅对旧城历史文化区具有保护作用，而且对城市居民生活质量的提高、历史文化的延续、城市的可持续发展具有非常重要的现实意义。综合和疏理欧美国家城市步行环境的发展历程，从历史发展的角度，分别从国外和国内两条主线，对国内外城市发展中对城市交通的发展、城市公共区环境、步行环境等方面进行的综合论述。发现，与国外相比我国在步行规划建设中有两个特点：我国城市步行环境发展步伐与欧美国家不一致，还处于起步阶段；步行环境的设计理论和实践主要从西方国家吸取经验。对北京旧城北中轴及周边地区的步行环境进行实地调查，发现北京旧城内已经出现了步行街和许多交通管制的街巷，步行区发展已经起步，但存在着很多问题，其中比较主要的问题有公共交通站点距离过长、数量较少；公交线路设计的不合理；公共设施缺乏；汽车占道严重；城市管理力度不够等问题。旧城区存在的这些问题是阻碍旧城步行活动复苏的重要因素。基于国内外已有的设计理论，这些理论包括人车分离思想、邻里单位、交通安宁政策、城市有机更新等，通过对这些设计理论的研究分析发现，人与车的矛盾是时代的产物，排除一方支持另外一方并不能取得好的效果。要实现人车和平相处，达到城市的可持续发展，让城市居民活动丰富的、有活力的城市生活，则需发展公共交通，将公共交通和步行交通、自行车交通有机结合，加强城市步行环境设施管理。最后，在北京北中轴及周边地区实地调研数据分析和大量设计理论研究之后，，针对北京旧城现状的问题，提出具体的切实可行的设计策略和方案，即合理划分步行区域单元，改善公共交通系统，提高公共步行环境设施，并划分不同时期不同阶段的规划目标，根据实际情况进行修改，以真正实现旧城步行化的可持续发展。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 20th century, the old city of Beijing began a large-scale road widening, reconstruction and demolition projects of dangerous houses, and an ancient historic city with mainly pedestrian traffic turned into a city dominated by automobile traffic. The old urban areas are faced with modern urban planning and severe automobile traffic pressure, which have occurred in western countries. They have alleviated this contradiction through the development of city walking. Therefore, by investigating and studying the current situation of the walking environment of the old city and the design idea at home and abroad, it not only has a protective effect on the historical and cultural district of the old city, but also improves the quality of life of the urban residents and the continuation of the history and culture. The sustainable development of the city has very important practical significance. From the perspective of historical development, the development of urban walking environment in Europe and the United States, from the perspective of historical development, from the two main lines of foreign and domestic respectively, to the development of urban transport at home and abroad, the development of urban public area environment, Comprehensive discussion on walking environment and so on. It is found that compared with foreign countries, our country has two characteristics in the planning and construction of walking environment: the pace of development of urban walking environment in our country is inconsistent with that of Europe and the United States, and it is still in its infancy, and the design theory and practice of walking environment are mainly drawn from the experience of western countries. Through a field investigation of the walking environment in the north axis of Beijing and its surrounding areas, it is found that pedestrian streets and many traffic control streets have appeared in the old city of Beijing. The development of the pedestrian zone has already started, but there are many problems. One of the main problems is that the distance between public transport stations is too long and the number of public transport stations is small; Unreasonable design of public transportation lines; lack of public facilities; serious car occupation; insufficient urban management and so on. These problems in the old city are the important factors hindering the recovery of the old city walking activities. Based on the existing design theories at home and abroad, these theories include the idea of separation of people and cars, neighborhood units, traffic tranquillity policies, urban organic renewal and so on. Through the research and analysis of these design theories, it is found that the contradiction between people and cars is the product of the times. The exclusion of one side from supporting the other does not achieve good results. In order to achieve peaceful coexistence between people and cars, to achieve sustainable development of the city, and to enable urban residents to have a rich and dynamic urban life, we need to develop public transport, combine public transport with walking traffic, and combine bicycle traffic with it. Strengthen the management of urban walking environment facilities. Finally, after the field investigation data analysis and a large number of design theory research in the north central axis of Beijing and the surrounding areas, aiming at the current situation of the old city of Beijing, the paper puts forward the concrete and feasible design strategy and scheme, that is, the reasonable division of the walking area unit. In order to realize the sustainable development of the old city by improving the public transportation system, improving the public walking environment facilities, dividing the planning objectives of different periods and different stages, and modifying according to the actual situation.
【学位授予单位】：北京建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.226;TU984.191

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