上海家庭出行碳排放基本特征、空间模式及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-11-21 07:14

【摘要】：伴随着人口、私家车等不断增长,中国大城市家庭出行碳排放在逐年增长,因此,如何降低出行碳排放成为低碳城市建设一项重要议题。本论文利用1 054份上海家庭碳排放的问卷调查结果,结合上海人口普查、经济普查等相关经济社会数据,分析了上海家庭出行的行为模式、家庭碳排放的基本特征、空间模式和影响因素等相关问题。研究发现,上海家庭出行模式呈现居住区位、住房类型和收入水平等差异。上海家庭通勤时间和通勤距离呈现倒"U"型曲线,即从市中心向外,呈现由低到高再低的格局。上海家庭出行碳排放呈现出类似出行模式的倒"U"型曲线,中心城区和远郊区为低碳区,高碳区呈环状分布于近郊区。家庭出行碳排放呈现高值聚集现象。家庭出行碳排放冷点区域十分显著,呈环状出现在中环线附近;热点区域主要位于浦东新区,同时嘉定安亭片区出现几个零散的热点。从计量模型中可知,上海市家庭出行碳排放的主要影响因素是是否有汽车和住房的形式。调查显示,等车时间过长、换乘不方便、速度太慢、拥挤、价格不合理和车站距离太远是不少居民不选择公共交通出行的原因。当前,上海居住开始郊区化,但就业、医疗、教育等资源仍然集中于中心城区,造成了资源配置与居住空间的不匹配,形成了高的出行时间和距离以及出行的高碳排放。未来上海市应重点疏解核心、边缘城区优质教育、医疗资源,在新城高标准配置优质公共资源,形成多中心、多节点的空间模式;应鼓励发展城市公共交通、快速轨道交通等低碳交通体系;在完善市内轨道交通的同时,应加大中心城区轨道交通向郊区延伸;应加强地铁站点与公共汽车的顺畅换乘,等等。
[Abstract]:With the increasing of population, private cars and so on, the carbon emissions of Chinese large cities are increasing year by year. Therefore, how to reduce the carbon emissions of travel becomes an important issue in the construction of low-carbon cities. Based on the results of 1 054 surveys of household carbon emissions in Shanghai, combined with relevant economic and social data such as Shanghai population Census and Economic Census, this paper analyzes the behavior patterns and the basic characteristics of household carbon emissions in Shanghai. Spatial patterns and influencing factors and other related issues. It is found that there are differences in residential area, housing type and income level in Shanghai family travel mode. The commuting time and commuting distance in Shanghai show an inverted "U" curve, that is, from the center of the city to the outside, the pattern is from low to high and then low. The carbon emission of Shanghai household trip shows a "U" curve similar to that of travel mode. The center city and the far suburb are low carbon area, and the high carbon area is annular distribution in the near suburb. Household travel carbon emissions show a high-value aggregation phenomenon. The cold-point area of household carbon emission is very significant, which appears in the ring shape near the middle ring line; the hot spot area is mainly located in Pudong New area, and at the same time, there are several scattered hot spots in Jiading Anting area. From the econometric model, we can know whether the main influencing factors of carbon emissions of Shanghai household travel are the form of automobile and housing. The investigation shows that the long waiting time, the inconvenient transfer, the slow speed, the crowded, the unreasonable price and the long distance of the station are the reasons why many residents do not choose the public transportation. At present, Shanghai began to suburbanization, but employment, medical care, education and other resources are still concentrated in the central urban area, resulting in the mismatch between resource allocation and living space, resulting in high travel time and distance, as well as high carbon emissions. In the future, Shanghai should focus on the core, marginal urban quality education, medical resources, the allocation of high-quality public resources in the New City to form a multi-center, multi-node space model; We should encourage the development of urban public transport, rapid rail transit and other low-carbon transportation systems; while perfecting urban rail transit, we should increase the extension of urban rail transit to the suburbs; we should strengthen the smooth transfer between subway stations and buses, and so on.
【作者单位】：华东理工大学经济发展研究所;上海市人口与发展研究中心;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目“大城市人口空间演变的模式、机制及治理研究”(编号:11CRK005) 教育部人文社会科学基金项目“大城市空间演变与治理研究”(编号:11YJA630176) 上海市科委软科学基金项目“低碳城市与低碳治理研究”(编号:13692105600) 澳大利亚联邦基金“Low Carbon Spatial Configuration”(编号:ARC,DP1094801)
【分类号】：U12;X73

【参考文献】