大跨径连续梁桥风险管理研究

发布时间：2018-12-31 07:50

【摘要】：对客观事物认识的有限性造成了事物的风险。在事物发展的每一个时间段上都存在有风险。但是我们从风险中可以获得机会和利益，也有可能是损失，但是实际操作中我们都会尽量避免风险带来的损失，尽可能的利用风险带来的好处。从古到今，很多个领域发生了无数的风险事件，通过这些事件的研究我们发现，风险事件的发生并不都是偶然的，也可以找到一定的规律性。因此，我们有必要做一些工作对风险进行研究，并从中得到防范风险的对策，将风险降到最小水平。桥梁工程是土木工程中一个重要的部分，甚至于桥梁工程的发展史就是是国家交通运输发展史，桥梁水平可以代表国家的交通综合水平。在施工过程中，特大桥梁结构会处于一种不稳定的状态，存在较大风险，而这些风险具有偶然性、复杂多样性的特点，，且是避免不了的。而随着交通运输的发展，桥梁施工技术不断的改进、提高，相应的桥梁施工中的风险也开始多元化，因此，建立和完善桥梁建设工程风险管理体系，了解桥梁施工过程中的风险，有效控制、避免和减少风险对桥梁的建设有十分重要的意义。本文利用模糊数学的方法，依据连续梁桥工程的实际需要，讲模糊综合评价和层次分析法结合，对连续梁桥施工期间的风险进行了分析研究。对桥梁施工期间的风险源进行了总结、研究，并依据工程进展对风险源进行了扩充和删减，从而建立风险因素库。对连续梁桥各个结构阶段中的各种风险因素进行了具体的、仔细的识别，并以此为基础进行研究。将连续梁桥施工中的风险具体归纳为两大方面：下构基础施工、上部构造施工。通过研究连续梁桥施工期间的风险控制，我们主要针对三个方面提出了对风险的控制建议和措施：人为、技术和自然风险控制。以府河特大桥为工程依托，全面仔细的识别大跨径连续梁桥施工过程中的风险因素，对于主要风险因素，利用层次分析法来进行研究，通过研究结果，将风险因素按一定规律排列，并提出有针对性的防范措施和解决办法。
[Abstract]:The limitation of understanding of objective things causes the risk of things. There are risks in every period of development. But we can get the opportunity and benefit from the risk, it is also possible to lose, but in practice we will try to avoid the risk of loss, as much as possible to take advantage of the benefits of risk. From ancient to present, numerous risk events have occurred in many fields. Through the study of these events, we find that the occurrence of risk events is not all accidental, but also can find certain regularity. Therefore, it is necessary for us to do some research on the risk, and get the countermeasures to prevent the risk, and reduce the risk to the minimum level. Bridge engineering is an important part of civil engineering, even the history of bridge engineering is the history of national transportation, the bridge level can represent the comprehensive level of national traffic. In the construction process, the large bridge structure will be in an unstable state, and there are large risks, and these risks have the characteristics of fortuitousness, complexity and diversity, and can not be avoided. With the development of transportation and the continuous improvement of bridge construction technology, the corresponding risk in bridge construction is becoming diversified. Therefore, the risk management system of bridge construction project is established and perfected. It is very important for bridge construction to understand the risk in the process of bridge construction, effectively control, avoid and reduce the risk. In this paper, the risk of continuous beam bridge during construction is analyzed and studied by using fuzzy mathematics method, according to the actual needs of continuous beam bridge engineering, and the combination of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The risk sources during the bridge construction are summarized, studied, and the risk sources are expanded and deleted according to the progress of the project, thus the risk factor database is established. In this paper, the risk factors of continuous girder bridge are identified in detail and carefully, and based on them, the risk factors are studied. The risks in the construction of continuous beam bridges are summarized into two aspects: the construction of substructure foundation and the construction of superstructure. By studying the risk control of continuous girder bridge during construction, we mainly put forward some suggestions and measures for risk control in three aspects: artificial, technical and natural risk control. Based on the Fuhe Bridge, the risk factors in the construction process of the long-span continuous beam bridge are fully and carefully identified. The main risk factors are studied by the Analytic hierarchy process, and the results are obtained. The risk factors are arranged according to certain rules, and the corresponding preventive measures and solutions are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：武汉工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U445.1

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