交通网络路径选择方法研究

发布时间：2019-01-05 05:18

【摘要】：要缓解失衡的交通供需体系，应有机结合现代信息技术与管理技术，建立卓有成效的智能交通系统。最优路径选择技术是车辆定位与导航系统的基本功能之一，也是智能交通系统的重要组成部分。研究合理的出行路径选择模型和求解算法，可以节约出行成本、使出行者更为舒心、减少交通事故、提高交通效率，具有重要的理论价值与广阔的现实意义。因此，本文综合考虑路径客观属性和出行者主观偏好，分别按照确定数和模糊数两种属性度量方法，对多个属性影响下的最优路径选择问题进行了分析与研究，分别设计了最优路径选择模型，给出了相应的求解算法，通过具体算例说明了模型和算法的正确性和有效性。具体内容包括：（1）针对交通网络路径选择过程中存在的一些问题，如属性的主观权重不能更好的反映路径的客观信息并承载了较多的主观随意性，客观权重对驾驶员的主观偏好兼顾不够等，给出了结合出行者主观偏好的多属性组合权重的定义和计算公式，，并有效利用了路径的客观信息，设计了基于组合权重决策的最优路径选择算法。基于信息熵理论，以旅行时间、费用、里程等属性为评价指标，根据计算得到的各路径的综合属性值，对可能的路径方案进行排序，从而得到最优路径。利用算例说明了算法的正确性和合理性。（2）对路径的属性值为模糊区间数的路径选择问题进行了研究。考虑交通网络的随机性和不确定性，利用模糊区间数对路径属性进行度量，构造了基于区间数的模糊决策矩阵，利用模糊互补判断矩阵排序中转法对其进行排序，得到了路径的优劣次序，从而选择出较优出行路径。（3）考虑路径的属性值在某个范围内变化时的路径选择。由于区间型模糊数存在大小理想点，当各属性的取值范围无法确定的时候，决策者可用区间数的理想点对其进行代替。基于此，建立了路径属性逼近于理想点的最优路径选择模型和求解算法，根据路径与理想点的逼近程度对方案进行排序择优，求解得到最优路径。（4）兼顾驾驶员的主观偏好和路径的客观信息，对于完全模糊数基础下的路径选择问题，建立了驾驶员主观偏好值与路径的客观属性值总偏差最小的优化模型。利用拉格朗日乘数法求解该模型，得到路径属性的权重向量，在求出综合属性值后对路径进行排序，从而得到最优路径。
[Abstract]:In order to alleviate the imbalance of transportation supply and demand system, it is necessary to combine modern information technology and management technology to establish an effective intelligent transportation system. Optimal path selection is one of the basic functions of vehicle positioning and navigation system, and it is also an important part of intelligent transportation system. It is of great theoretical value and wide practical significance to study a reasonable travel path selection model and algorithm, which can save travel cost, make travelers more comfortable, reduce traffic accidents and improve traffic efficiency. Therefore, considering the objective attribute of the path and the subjective preference of the traveler, this paper analyzes and studies the optimal path selection problem under the influence of multiple attributes according to the two attribute measurement methods of determinate number and fuzzy number, respectively. The optimal path selection model is designed, and the corresponding algorithm is given. The correctness and validity of the model and algorithm are illustrated by an example. The specific contents include: (1) aiming at some problems existing in the course of route selection in traffic network, such as the subjective weight of attribute can not reflect the objective information of the path better and carry more subjective arbitrariness. The objective weight does not give enough consideration to the subjective preference of the driver. The definition and calculation formula of the combined weight of multiple attributes combined with the subjective preference of the traveler are given, and the objective information of the path is used effectively. An optimal path selection algorithm based on combined weight decision is designed. Based on the information entropy theory and taking the travel time, cost, mileage and other attributes as the evaluation indexes, the possible path schemes are sorted according to the comprehensive attribute values of the calculated paths, and the optimal path is obtained. An example is given to illustrate the correctness and rationality of the algorithm. (2) the problem of path selection with fuzzy interval number is studied. Considering the randomness and uncertainty of traffic network, the fuzzy decision matrix based on interval number is constructed by using fuzzy interval number to measure the path attribute. The good and bad order of the path is obtained, and the better travel path is selected. (3) considering the path selection when the property value of the path changes in a certain range. Because of the existence of the size ideal point of the interval fuzzy number, the decision maker can replace it with the ideal point of the interval number when the value range of each attribute can not be determined. Based on this, the optimal path selection model and algorithm for path attribute approaching to ideal point are established. According to the degree of approximation between path and ideal point, the scheme is sorted and optimized, and the optimal path is obtained. (4) considering the subjective preference of the driver and the objective information of the path, the optimal model of the total deviation between the subjective preference value and the objective attribute value of the driver is established for the path selection problem based on the complete fuzzy number. The Lagrange multiplier method is used to solve the model and the weight vector of the path attribute is obtained. The path is sorted after the comprehensive attribute value is calculated and the optimal path is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491

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