考虑出行需求的出租车停靠站选址及优化技术研究

发布时间：2019-01-12 20:39

【摘要】：出租车停靠站作为城市道路交通设施的组成部分，也是城市客运体系的重要节点。然而，在进行出租车停靠站选址规划时，由于不重视对站点周边区域的出租车运行规律的分析，造成了部分出租车停靠站设置不合理、利用率低等问题。因此，本文在分析出租车GPS数据的基础上，对出租车运行规律进行研究，再结合出租车停靠站选址的影响因素，进而融合GIS和层次分析法提出城市出租车停靠站的选址决策方法，并构建了可以最大限度满足乘客出行需求的选址优化模型，同时用实例展示其决策过程。首先根据相关规范和研究成果，明确了城市出租车停靠站的设置原则，进而分析了出租车停靠站选址的影响因素，归纳总结了出租车停靠站的选址推荐标准，论述了出租车停靠站的选址决策方法。通过分析出租车GPS数据，研究了出租车的运行规律，并揭示了出租车运行规律的形成原因。通过对出租车运行规律的研究，论述了出租车出行次数随时间变化的特征，并用统计学方法分析得到了出租车出行高峰时段，发现其与普遍意义上的城市交通运行高峰时段存在差异；进而对比分析了具有代表性的区域的出行特征，，通过核密度分析法分析得到了各高峰时段的出租车出行热点区域，发现乘客出行需求在空间上所表现出的规律可以为出租车停靠站选址研究提供支撑。提出融合GIS分析方法和层次分析法的出租车停靠站选址决策方法，建立了出租车停靠站选址决策评价指标体系，并分析得到了各影响因素对出租车停靠站选址问题的影响权重；同时基于最大覆盖模型得到选址优化模型，以最大限度地满足不同时段出租车乘客出行需求。
[Abstract]:As a component of urban road traffic facilities, taxi parking station is also an important node of urban passenger transport system. However, in the planning of taxi parking station location, due to the lack of attention to the analysis of the taxi operation law around the station, some problems such as unreasonable taxi parking station setting and low utilization rate are caused. Therefore, based on the analysis of taxi GPS data, this paper studies the taxi operation law, and combines the factors that affect the location of taxi parking station. Then, combining GIS and AHP, the paper puts forward the method of location decision of urban taxi parking station, and constructs an optimized location model which can meet the needs of passengers as much as possible. At the same time, an example is given to demonstrate the decision-making process of the model. First of all, according to the relevant norms and research results, this paper clarifies the principle of the city taxi parking station, then analyzes the influencing factors of the taxi parking station location, and summarizes the recommendation standard of the taxi parking station location. This paper discusses the decision method of the location of taxi parking station. Based on the analysis of taxi GPS data, this paper studies the operation law of taxi, and reveals the reasons for the formation of taxi operation law. Through the study of taxi operation law, this paper discusses the characteristics of taxi travel times changing with time, and obtains the taxi travel peak period by statistical analysis. It is found that there is a difference between the peak period of urban traffic operation and that of urban traffic in general sense. Then, the travel characteristics of representative regions are compared and analyzed, and the hot spots of taxi travel during peak hours are obtained by nuclear density analysis. It is found that the regularity of passenger travel demand in space can provide support for the study of taxi parking station location. This paper puts forward the decision method of taxi parking station location based on GIS analysis method and analytic hierarchy process, establishes the evaluation index system of taxi parking station location decision, and gets the weight of influence factors on taxi parking station location problem. At the same time, based on the maximum coverage model, the location optimization model is obtained to meet the needs of taxi passengers in different periods of time.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U492.434

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