汽车碰撞两轮车事故分析方法研究

发布时间：2019-03-09 11:04

【摘要】：我国为摩托车、自行车及电动自行车使用大国，而随着机动车保有量的增加，汽车与两轮车事故随之攀升。据2012年全国交通事故统计结果表明，涉及汽车与摩托车、自行车、电动自行车的事故占25.62%。由于我国汽车与两轮车事故的多发性，导致当事人之间的矛盾增加，其主要问题是事故责任的认定。应用科学准确的事故再现方法对碰撞车速进行鉴定，是事故责任认定的重要内容。因此，研究不同事故形态的事故分析方法，对于提高事故处理水平具有重要意义。本文制定了23个事故采集项，采集了212起汽车与两轮车事故数据，其主要分布于陕西、河南、江苏等省份。将事故数据编码处理后，建立了事故数据库。从汽车与自行车、电动自行车事故、汽车与摩托车事故两大类形态进行分析，并分别从人、车、路、环境四个方面分别进行事故特征分析，，结果表明，汽车与摩托车事故最多，占事故总量的51.89%；汽车与自行车事故最少，占事故总量的11.32%。但从伤亡程度来讲，汽车与自行车事故最为严重，致死率为0.81；其次为汽车与电动自行车事故，致死率为0.55。从汽车与自行车、电动车事故、汽车与摩托车事故两方面进行事故分析方法研究。对汽车与自行车事故分析方法的研究，主要分析了制动痕迹法、骑车人及自行车抛距模型、散落物抛距及视频图像法的输入、输出、误差及适用性。对制动痕迹事故再现方法分析后，建立了基于模糊控制模型的附着系数估算方法，结果表明试验值与计算值相对误差在4%之内。在对摩托车与汽车碰撞事故分析方法的研究中，分析了再现轨迹模型及基于动量法、变形能量法的事故再现方法。在再现轨迹模型中，主要分析了轮胎模型与车辆动力学模型适用性对轨迹模型的影响，以及不同运动轨迹模型的特点。在基于动量法、变形能量法的事故分析方法中，动量法主要分析了二维碰撞模型与Ishikawa碰撞模型的特点，而变形能量法主要分析了变形能量模型与经验公式法的特点。运用CRASH VIEW软件对事故案例进行再现研究，详述了软件的计算过程。最后，对能量法、动量法事故再现方法进行不确定性分析。能量法中以汽车等效车速分量作为不确定因子进行不确定度评定，而动量法中以两车质量、碰撞前两车速度方向夹角、碰撞后两车速度方向夹角及碰撞后两车速度等作为不确定因子进行分析。
[Abstract]:China is a big country using motorcycles, bicycles and electric bicycles. With the increase of the number of motor vehicles, the accidents of cars and two-wheeled cars are rising. According to national traffic accident statistics in 2012, the accidents involving cars and motorcycles, bicycles and electric bicycles accounted for 25.62%. Because of the multiple accidents between automobile and two-wheeled car in our country, the contradiction between the parties increases, and the main problem is the identification of the accident responsibility. The identification of collision speed by scientific and accurate accident reproduction method is an important part of the identification of accident liability. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the accident analysis methods of different accident forms for improving the level of accident treatment. This paper has drawn up 23 accident collection items and collected 212 accident data of automobile and two-wheeled vehicle, which are mainly distributed in Shaanxi, Henan, Jiangsu and other provinces. After the accident data is coded and processed, the accident database is established. The accident characteristics of automobile and bicycle, electric bicycle accident, automobile and motorcycle accident are analyzed respectively from four aspects: human, car, road and environment. The results show that automobile and motorcycle accidents are the most frequent, and the results show that automobile and motorcycle accidents are the most frequent, and the accident characteristics are analyzed from four aspects: human, car, road and environment. Account for 51.89% of the total accident; Car and bicycle accidents were the least, accounting for 11.32% of the total. But in terms of the degree of casualties, automobile and bicycle accidents are the most serious, with the fatality rate of 0.81, followed by the automobile and electric bicycle accidents, with a fatality rate of 0.55. The method of accident analysis is studied from two aspects: automobile and bicycle, electric vehicle, automobile and motorcycle. In this paper, the analysis methods of automobile and bicycle accidents are studied. The input, output, error and applicability of braking trace method, rider and bicycle throw distance model, scatter throw distance and video image method are analyzed. After analyzing the reappearance method of brake trace accident, a method for estimating the adhesion coefficient based on fuzzy control model is established. The results show that the relative error between the test value and the calculated value is less than 4%. In the research of motorcycle-automobile collision accident analysis method, the reconstruction trajectory model and the accident reconstruction method based on the dynamic method and the deformation energy method are analyzed. In the reconstruction trajectory model, the effects of the applicability of tire model and vehicle dynamics model on the trajectory model are analyzed, and the characteristics of different trajectory models are also analyzed. In the accident analysis method based on the dynamic method and the deformation energy method, the momentum method mainly analyzes the characteristics of the two-dimensional collision model and the Ishikawa collision model, while the deformation energy method mainly analyzes the characteristics of the deformation energy model and the empirical formula method. The CRASH VIEW software is used to reproduce the accident case, and the calculation process of the software is described in detail. Finally, the uncertainty analysis of energy method and momentum method is given. In the energy method, the equivalent speed component of the vehicle is used as the uncertainty factor to evaluate the uncertainty, while in the dynamic method, the velocity direction of the two vehicles is included in the mass of two vehicles and the angle of the velocity direction of the two cars before the collision. The angle between the velocity direction of the two vehicles after the collision and the velocity of the two cars after the collision are analyzed as uncertain factors.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.31

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