基于道路仿真技术的城市交通拥堵问题研究

发布时间：2019-03-15 15:02

【摘要】：交通拥堵是当今世界各大城市的通病，它会从社会、经济、居民生活等方面影响到城市的良性发展。城市交通问题是一个复杂的“巨系统”，产生交通拥堵的原因也是一个“聚合体”，它是由很多相关的因素组合，相互影响、相互作用而形成的，比如社会、经济、人口、土地利用、城市发展等因素。在这样的前提下，本文将宏观仿真与微观仿真结合，在兰州市特定区域内进行实例分析、验证，来尝试建立一种解决城市交通拥堵问题的新思路。首先，本文阐述了交通拥堵、交通仿真的相关理论。其次，对兰州市的交通现状及居民的出行特征进行了相应分析。然后，在选定的研究区域内，通过运用Transcad软件，从宏观角度出发，对研究区域进行交通分析，得到了现状及未来年的交通流量分布及OD矩阵；再从微观角度出发，对未来年研究区域中可能存在的重要节点、路段、交叉口进行交通分析及评价，并提出相应的优化措施。最后，，再通过Vissim进行微观仿真，验证方法的合理性、有效性。通过分别从宏观角度、微观角度进行优化模拟，再和现状情况进行相互比较，尤其是对城市交通环境中的重要参数指标进行前后对照，不难发现，针对不同的实际情况合理地设置交通仿真模型参数，优化后的效果总是优于优化前的状态，并且，在这个基础上进一步进行分析和研究，对仿真优化模型中的各个参数进行适当调整，使其模拟仿真出的优化效果逐渐提升，若按照这样的步骤，在合理的优化限度内，始终能够找到一个实际条件下客观存在的优化极值，而且，交通仿真的实施过程也比较容易，这就更加适用于我国飞速发展的城市交通，低成本、高效率地改善城市交通拥堵问题，也是目前城市交通拥堵问题解决的主要方向。总的来说，科学、合理地利用交通仿真技术来解决城市交通拥堵问题是有据可依的，这也为该问题在未来的探讨提供了一个新思路。
[Abstract]:Traffic congestion is a common problem in every major city in the world. It will affect the benign development of the city from the aspects of society, economy, residents' life and so on. The urban traffic problem is a complex "giant system", and the cause of traffic congestion is also a "polymer". It is formed by a combination of many relevant factors, such as social, economic, and population, which affect each other and interact with each other. Land use, urban development and other factors. On this premise, this paper combines macro-simulation and micro-simulation, analyzes and validates a case in a specific area of Lanzhou city, and tries to establish a new way to solve the problem of urban traffic congestion. First of all, this paper describes the traffic congestion, traffic simulation related theory. Secondly, the traffic situation of Lanzhou and the travel characteristics of residents are analyzed. Then, in the selected research area, through the use of Transcad software, from the macroscopic point of view, the traffic analysis of the research area is carried out, and the traffic flow distribution and OD matrix of the present situation and future years are obtained. From the microscopic point of view, the traffic analysis and evaluation of the important nodes, sections and intersections which may exist in the research area in the coming years are carried out, and the corresponding optimization measures are put forward. Finally, the rationality and validity of the method are verified by micro-simulation with Vissim. It is not difficult to find out by optimizing simulation from macro-angle and micro-angle, comparing with the present situation, especially comparing the important parameters in urban traffic environment before and after. According to different actual conditions, the parameters of traffic simulation model are reasonably set up, the optimized effect is always better than the state before optimization, and on this basis, further analysis and research are carried out. The parameters in the simulation optimization model are adjusted appropriately so that the simulation results can be improved gradually. If according to such steps, within a reasonable optimization limit, We can always find an objective optimization extremum under the actual conditions, and the implementation process of traffic simulation is also relatively easy, which is more suitable for the rapid development of urban traffic in our country, low cost, Improving the urban traffic congestion problem efficiently is also the main direction to solve the urban traffic congestion problem. In general, the scientific and reasonable use of traffic simulation technology to solve the problem of urban traffic congestion can be relied on, which also provides a new way of thinking for the future discussion of this problem.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.265

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