城市交通网络元胞自动机模型的相变研究
发布时间：2019-03-16 11:49
【摘要】：城市交通网络延伸的方向就是城市化进程的方向。在过去的二十年中,由于城市发展和人民生活水平提高等方面的迫切需要,各种不同规模的道路交通建设项目通过立案并投入施工。今天,人们在享受城市生活所带来的方便和快捷的同时,也陷入了城市化进程的魔咒中——交通拥堵。然而交通拥堵不仅造成了出行时间和能源的浪费,由此导致的大气污染以及日益严重的雾霾天气也严重的制约了城市的经济发展。因此,如何有效的“治堵”就成了解决上述问题所要找到线头。在这样巨大的现实背景下,交通流作为一门新兴的交叉学科应运而生。与此同时,在交通流研究过程中发现的一系列有趣而又复杂的现象,也引起了包括物理学家在内的众多领域的学者的重视。 本文针对城市交通拥堵的问题,采用元胞自动机方法,建立了受到包括信号灯,绕路行驶和合作意愿博弈等因素影响的城市交通网络模型,并研究了它们各自对城市交通网络系统的影响。本文的主要工作如下： (1)根据Watanabe在并行条件下提出的受信号灯影响的城市交通网络模型,建立了考虑信号灯的随机更新城市交通网络模型。数值模拟发现,随机更新对城市交通网络系统的相变临界密度影响很大,且只有通过同时调整信号灯的分布和信号变换周期才能有效的控制交通网络和解决由于随机更新引入所造成的系统临界密度变小的问题。 (2)根据Ding等人提出的随机更新城市交通网络模型,通过考虑驾驶者在发现前方拥堵时会选择绕路行驶的行为,建立了考虑绕路行驶的随机更新城市交通网络模型。通过对沿着固定方向绕路行驶和绕路行驶方向不固定的两种模型的数值模拟发现,绕路行为概率的增大有利于提高因为受到随机更新规则影响而变小的城市交通网络的临界密度。 (3)以Perc提出的考虑策略博弈影响的BML模型为基础,建立了考虑合作意愿的BML模型。通过相图的对比发现,尽管系统临界密度整体变小的趋势依然无法得到全面遏制,但考虑合作意愿博弈的BML模型的自由流相区域的面积较大。此外,在缓解由于博弈导致的堵塞相提前发生的问题上,不断提高驾驶者在博弈中的合作意愿比单纯让更多的驾驶者选择合作更为有效。 最后,总结了全文的工作,并对今后交通流的工作进行了展望。
[Abstract]:The direction of urban traffic network extension is the direction of urbanization. In the past two decades, due to the urgent need of urban development and the improvement of people's living standards, all kinds of road traffic construction projects of different scales have been put on file and put into construction. Today, while enjoying the convenience and rapidity of urban life, people are also trapped in the curse of urbanization-traffic jams. However, traffic congestion not only leads to the waste of travel time and energy, but also seriously restricts the economic development of the city due to air pollution and increasingly serious haze weather. Therefore, how to effectively "stop plug" has become the solution to the above-mentioned problems to find the thread. In such a huge realistic background, traffic flow as a new cross-disciplinary came into being. At the same time, a series of interesting and complex phenomena found in the process of traffic flow research have attracted the attention of scholars in many fields, including physicists. In this paper, the cellular automata method is adopted to solve the problem of urban traffic congestion, and the urban traffic network model is established, which is influenced by the factors such as signal lights, bypass driving and cooperative willingness game, and so on. The influence of each of them on the urban traffic network system is also studied. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) according to the urban traffic network model which is influenced by the signal light proposed by Watanabe under the parallel condition, a random updating urban traffic network model considering the signal light is established. It is found by numerical simulation that random renewal has a great influence on the critical density of phase transition in urban traffic network system. Only by simultaneously adjusting the signal distribution and the signal transformation period can the traffic network be controlled effectively and the critical density of the system can be reduced due to the introduction of random update. (2) according to the stochastic updating urban traffic network model proposed by Ding et al., the stochastic updating urban traffic network model considering bypass traffic is established by considering the behavior of drivers choosing to bypass when they find the traffic congestion in front. Through the numerical simulation of two kinds of models which travel along the fixed direction and the direction of the detour is not fixed, it is found that the two models are not fixed in the direction. The increase of the probability of bypass behavior is beneficial to improve the critical density of urban traffic networks which are affected by random updating rules. (3) based on the BML model proposed by Perc to consider the influence of strategic games, a BML model considering cooperation will is established. Through the comparison of the phase diagrams, it is found that although the overall decreasing trend of the critical density of the system cannot be completely contained, the area of the free flow phase region of the BML model considering the cooperative will game is larger. In addition, it is more effective to improve the willingness of drivers to cooperate in the game than to let more drivers choose to cooperate in order to alleviate the problem of premature occurrence of the jam caused by the game. Finally, the work of this paper is summarized, and the future work of traffic flow is prospected.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491
本文编号：2441290
[Abstract]:The direction of urban traffic network extension is the direction of urbanization. In the past two decades, due to the urgent need of urban development and the improvement of people's living standards, all kinds of road traffic construction projects of different scales have been put on file and put into construction. Today, while enjoying the convenience and rapidity of urban life, people are also trapped in the curse of urbanization-traffic jams. However, traffic congestion not only leads to the waste of travel time and energy, but also seriously restricts the economic development of the city due to air pollution and increasingly serious haze weather. Therefore, how to effectively "stop plug" has become the solution to the above-mentioned problems to find the thread. In such a huge realistic background, traffic flow as a new cross-disciplinary came into being. At the same time, a series of interesting and complex phenomena found in the process of traffic flow research have attracted the attention of scholars in many fields, including physicists. In this paper, the cellular automata method is adopted to solve the problem of urban traffic congestion, and the urban traffic network model is established, which is influenced by the factors such as signal lights, bypass driving and cooperative willingness game, and so on. The influence of each of them on the urban traffic network system is also studied. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) according to the urban traffic network model which is influenced by the signal light proposed by Watanabe under the parallel condition, a random updating urban traffic network model considering the signal light is established. It is found by numerical simulation that random renewal has a great influence on the critical density of phase transition in urban traffic network system. Only by simultaneously adjusting the signal distribution and the signal transformation period can the traffic network be controlled effectively and the critical density of the system can be reduced due to the introduction of random update. (2) according to the stochastic updating urban traffic network model proposed by Ding et al., the stochastic updating urban traffic network model considering bypass traffic is established by considering the behavior of drivers choosing to bypass when they find the traffic congestion in front. Through the numerical simulation of two kinds of models which travel along the fixed direction and the direction of the detour is not fixed, it is found that the two models are not fixed in the direction. The increase of the probability of bypass behavior is beneficial to improve the critical density of urban traffic networks which are affected by random updating rules. (3) based on the BML model proposed by Perc to consider the influence of strategic games, a BML model considering cooperation will is established. Through the comparison of the phase diagrams, it is found that although the overall decreasing trend of the critical density of the system cannot be completely contained, the area of the free flow phase region of the BML model considering the cooperative will game is larger. In addition, it is more effective to improve the willingness of drivers to cooperate in the game than to let more drivers choose to cooperate in order to alleviate the problem of premature occurrence of the jam caused by the game. Finally, the work of this paper is summarized, and the future work of traffic flow is prospected.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491
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